教會法與復活節計算 第 4 章 第 1/5 段

SECOND COLLECTION OF THE DECREES OF THE ROMAN PONTIFFS, ADDED TO THE FIRST COLLECTION OF DIONYSIUS EXIGUUS. CATALOGUE OF THE ROMAN PONTIFFS WHOSE DECREES ARE REVIEWED IN THIS COLLECTION. THE RULES OF HILARY, in the consulship of the most renowned men Flavius Basiliscus and Hermenericus. On the thirteenth day before the Kalends of December, with the venerable man Pope Hilary presiding in the basilica of Saint Mary, and Maximus of the city of Turin in the province of the Gauls. Ingenuus of Embrun in the province of the holy; Mediolanus of the province of the holy; Saturninus of Avignon in the province of the holy; Peter of Portus; Primus of Allae; Gaudentius of Abitia; Paulinus of Aquae; Palladius of Salpina; Soter of Naples; Tiburtius of Capua; Felix of Luna; Eusebius of Siena; Justus of Faberina; Concordius of Barium; Caprarius of Casitanum.

Constantinus of Aquinum; Praetextatus of Interamna; Claudius of Pansalanum; Adeodatus of Velitrae; Crispianus of Subaugusta; Servusdei of Nomentum; Hilarius of Ameria; Paulus of Foranova; Apuleius of Tarquinii; Asterius of Gabii; Asterius of Forum Julii; Gaudentius of Vecconum; Gaudentius of Scyllaceum; Eubodius of Trifenum; Majorianus of Asta; Felix of Sipontum; Uranus; Januarius of Praeneste; Adeodatus of Cumae; Tiberius of Curium of the Sabines; Gerontius of Camerinum; Lucifer of Tifernum Metaurense; Humanus of Albanum; Florentius of Talesina; Candidus of Tibur; Eusebius of Sutrium; Gaudentius of Anteatum; Projectius of Nepe; Philippus of Numana; Restitutus and Octavius, Africans. With all the presbyters also seated, and the deacons likewise standing by.

Hilary, bishop of the catholic Church of the city of Rome, presiding over the synod, said: Since this religious assembly, gathered by the Holy Spirit, exhorts us to hand down with more diligent care whatever things are necessary for ecclesiastical discipline—if it please you, brethren, let us, with the Lord aiding, so establish to abide for all ages those things which pertain to the tenor of ordinations, according to the precepts of the divine law and the constitutions of the Nicene canons, that it be lawful for no one, without peril to his own standing, to violate either the divine constitutions or the decrees of the apostolic see; because the guilt of such transgressions will look back upon us, who administer the offices of the chief priesthood, if we are found slack in the causes of God, for we remember

what we ought to fear—how the Lord threatens the negligence of priests; since indeed he who enjoys a more eminent honor sins with greater guilt, and the loftiness of dignities makes the vices of sinners more grievous. Therefore care must be taken above all that, as was prescribed before in the earlier acts, no one who has married a wife who was not a virgin should aspire to the sacred grades. He too is to be rejected, whoever has come together in the nuptials of a second wife contrary to the apostolic precepts. Those ignorant of letters also, and likewise those who have suffered some damage of their members, and those who are from among the penitents, let them not dare to aspire to the sacred orders.

Whoever shall have been a consecrator of such men shall himself undo his own act, and shall condemn what he committed unlawfully, or found admitted by his predecessors, if he wishes to avoid his own peril; for we wish to exercise the severity of vengeance in no respect. But he who in the causes of God shall have offended through stubbornness or willfulness, or shall himself be unwilling to abolish what he wrongly did, will find brought upon himself whatever he did not cut off in another. And that this may henceforth be kept more tenaciously, if it please you, lend all your causes your own subscriptions, so that by the synodal judgment access may be closed to unlawful acts. By all the bishops and presbyters it was acclaimed: 'Hear, O Christ, long life to Hilary!'—said six times. 'These things we confirm, these things we teach!'—said eight times.

'These things are to be held, these things are to be kept!'—said five times. 'We give thanks for your teaching!'—said ten times. 'We pray that these things be kept forever!'—said fifteen times. 'Through lord Peter, we pray that they be kept forever!'—said eight times. 'May this presumption never happen!'—said ten times. 'He who violates these things will find it upon himself!'—said seven times. And when silence had been made, bishop Hilary said: Moreover, brethren, new and unheard-of things, as has reached us by a certain report through letters sent from the Spains, are arising from time to time in certain places—the seeds of perversities. In short, some think that the episcopate, which is granted only to preceding merits, is not a divine gift, but a hereditary profit.

And they believe that, like perishable and mortal things, so the priesthood can be bequeathed, as though by legal or testamentary right. For very many priests, set at the threshold of death, are reported to have others substituted in their place by designated names: namely, that no legitimate election should be awaited, but that the gratification of the deceased should be held in place of the people's assent. Consider how grievous this is; and therefore, if it please you, let us also take away this license generally from the Churches, lest—a thing shameful to say—anyone should think he is owed what belongs to God. And that what has been reported to us may also be able to reach your knowledge, let the writings of our Spanish brethren and fellow-bishops be read. Paul the notary recited.

To the most blessed pope Hilary, to be reverenced by us in Christ with apostolic reverence, Ascanius and all the bishops of the province of Tarraco. What care your apostolate bears for the priests of its provinces we have learned by the report of our son, the illustrious Vincentius, commander of our province, at whose urging our wish rose up in the daring of writing with ready devotion.

Therefore, presenting in provincial literary speech the obedience due to your crown, we beseech these things: that with the same condescension by which you deign to hold the others, you would also deign to hold our lowliness in mind in your prayers; most blessed and to be reverenced in Christ with apostolic reverence by us, venerable father, beseeching this in particular: that you would deign, having weighed our assertions, to confirm our deed, which is brought to your notice both by the wish of well-nigh the whole province and by the example of antiquity. And when he had read it, by all the bishops and presbyters it was acclaimed: 'Hear, O Christ, long life to Hilary!'—said ten times. 'May this presumption never happen!'—said six times. 'The things that are God's cannot be given by man!'—said six times.

'Through lord Peter, we pray that they be kept forever!'—said six times. 'We ask that these things be preserved.' Bishop Hilary said: Read. Paul the notary recited. The holy bishop Nundinatius of the city of the Barcelonans fulfilled the lot of the human condition; he, leaving to the venerable bishop our brother Irenaeus—whom he himself had previously, with our willing it, appointed in his own diocese—whatever the poverty of his last will could possess by the judgment of supreme will, chose that he be substituted in his place; but the judgment of the deceased does not waver as to his merit. And when he had read it, bishop Probus, rising from the assembly, said: That was lawful, this was not lawful.

It is God who gives successors; by your authority resist this matter through your apostolate. Bishop Hilary said: Run through what you had begun. Paul the notary recited. Since indeed all the clergy and the people of that same city, and the chief men, and very many of the provincials, gave their consent that the same man should hold his place, hoped it of us, we—considering the judgment of the deceased, and approving his life, and the nobility and multitude of those who petitioned, and at the same time the advantage of the said Church—deemed it best:

namely, that for so great a priest, who had departed to the divine things, an antistes of no lesser merit should be substituted; especially since it is established that the Church of that municipality, in which he had previously been ordained, was always of the diocese of this city's Church. Therefore we humbly pray your apostolate, that you would confirm by your authority that which seems to have been justly done by our lowliness. Indeed, some time ago we had complained in our letters about the presumption of bishop Sylvanus, and we marvel that we have received no replies from your apostolate; now, suggesting these same things, we ask that you would deign to inform us by apostolic words what is to be observed concerning these matters:

and lest perchance, through the negligence of the carrier, or through the difficulty of a long journey, the writings of our lowliness could not reach you concerning this business, we repeat our representation early. And the subscription: May the divine alternation preserve in continual age your holy apostolate praying for us, for us all and for his Church, our truly lord and apostolic pope. Bishop Hilary said: Let another letter be recited. Paul the notary recited. To the most blessed lord, to be reverenced by us in Christ with apostolic reverence, pope Hilary, Ascanius and all the bishops of the province of Tarraco.

Even if there were no necessity arising from ecclesiastical discipline, that privilege of your See would still in truth have to be sought by us; for, when the keys of the kingdom were received, after the resurrection of the Savior the singular preaching of the most blessed Peter looked to the enlightenment of all men throughout the whole world, and the principate of his vicar, just as it stands eminent, so is it to be feared and loved by all. Therefore, worshiping God first of all in you, whom you serve without reproach, we have recourse to the faith praised by the apostolic mouth (Rom. 1), seeking thence the answers from which nothing proceeds by error, nothing by presumption, but the whole is commanded by pontifical deliberation.

Since these things are so, there is nevertheless among us a false brother, by whose presumption, just as it was not permitted to keep silence any longer, so also the necessity of the future judgment has commanded us to speak. Sylvanus indeed, bishop of Calagurris, established in the farthest part of our province, by usurping for himself divinations that were not his due, has brought our lowliness to this point, that against his most vain superstition we implore the unique remedy of your See. For this man, now seven or eight years ago and more, setting aside the rules of the Fathers and despising your statutes, ordained a bishop although no peoples were petitioning for one; and we, thinking that his rash deed could be healed by fraternal and peaceful admonition, found that he advanced rather to the worse.

Finally, against the antiquity of the canons, against the decrees of the synod, kindled only by a spirit of presumption, in that very place which had been destined for another of our brethren, a presbyter—upon whom, unwilling and resisting, he had laid hands, and who had already been joined to our assembly—he made a bishop. Hence it came about that, concerning his most wretched temerity, our brother the bishop of the city of Caesaraugusta reported the whole matter to us; his diligence and solicitude had taken thorough forethought, had it availed anything.

Indeed, he most frequently warned all the bishops set in the vicinity not to join themselves to the schismatic; but with damnable obstinacy that man alone did not blush to commit, by himself, all that was unlawful and what it shames us to say. Therefore, since these presumptions—which divide unity, which make schism—must swiftly be met, we beg your See that we may be instructed by apostolic utterances as to what you wish to be observed in this matter, so that, our brotherhood being assembled and the decrees of the venerable synod brought forth into the midst, supported by your authority against the spirit of rebellion, we may, with God's help, be able to understand what ought to be done both concerning the ordination and concerning the one ordained.

Assuredly it will be your triumph, if in the days of your apostolate the Catholic Church hears what the chair of Saint Peter holds, if the new seeds of the tares be uprooted. And the subscription: May the divine eternity preserve for everlasting age your holy apostolate, praying for us. By all the bishops and presbyters it was acclaimed: We ask that these things be amended—said six times. We ask that these things be cut away—said seven times. We ask that discipline be kept—said eight times. We ask that antiquity be preserved—said seven times. We ask that discipline be kept—said five times. We ask that the canons be guarded—said seven times.

We ask that the presumptuous be punished—said seven times. Let the apostolic ordination be kept inviolate—said eight times. Hear, O Christ; long life to Hilarus—said five times. Worthy pope, worthy teacher—said eight times. Bishop Hilarus said: Having received what has been recited concerning all matters, now, brethren, by God's inspiring of us, deliver your particular opinions. Maximus, bishop of the Church of Turris, said: In keeping all the disciplines pertaining to sacred ordinations, I better declare by the profession of my opinion that nothing of those things which are forbidden is ever to be done by me.

Concerning the rest, I judge that whoever shall do such things, or shall refuse to cut away what has been detected in the Churches, let him know that he will render grave accounts in the judgment of the apostolic See, in which it will be necessary for him to undergo sentence. Ingenuus, bishop of Ebrodunum, said: For me too there is the same judgment concerning all matters, by which I bind myself, that nothing of these things which are forbidden be ever attempted by me, since I know my state and my profession. Concerning the rest also I judge: that whoever shall prove a transgressor of the statutes, let him know that he is ensnared in the bonds of the ecclesiastical rule, and incurs the guilt of the apostolic See. Paulus, bishop of Aquaeviva, said:

I too bind myself by a like law, and concerning the rest, who shall prove transgressors, I judge equally, that it be not permitted them without peril to themselves to attempt anything such as deserves rightly to be punished. Primus, bishop of the Church of Atella, said: This too I judge ought to be observed. Palladius, bishop of the Church of Salapia, said: I promise that I will do nothing against ecclesiastical discipline or the statutes of the holy canons. Tiberius, bishop of the Church of Sabina, said: I profess that I keep the statutes of the apostolic See in all things, and that if in my Church I shall detect any of the clergy, against the precepts of the holy canons, either to have taken a wife, or to have two wives, he shall be separated from ecclesiastical office.

By all the bishops it was said: We all follow the opinions of the brethren, we all confirm them, and we decree that they are to be observed. Hear, O Christ; long life to Hilarus—said seven times. May the things wrongly committed be corrected through you—said eight times. What is not lawful, let it not be done—said eight times. Hilarus, bishop of the Church of the city of Rome, presiding over the synod, said: Since we decree that the form of the present definition, which is according to the statutes of the holy ones, should come to the knowledge of all the Churches, lest it be permitted to anyone, through ignorance, to do what is not lawful, the solicitude of the notaries shall take care to publish the acts. Hilarus, bishop, to Ascanius and to all the bishops of the province of Tarraconensis.

After we received the letters of your charity, in which you asked that the presumptions of Sylvanus, bishop of the Church of the Calagurritani, be rebuffed, and again you seek that the all-too-unlawful wishes of the Barcinonenses be confirmed: it is established that letters were brought to us from the men of rank and the landholders of Tyriasso, Ascantia, Calagurris, Varegia, Tritium, Levia, and the city of Veroviscum, with the subscriptions of various persons, by which they were excusing that very thing which your complaint had set forth concerning Sylvanus. But their most just reproof was likewise not without just allegation, since it became clear that, without the knowledge of the metropolitan, our brother and fellow-bishop Ascanius, priests had been ordained in several cities.

Wherefore, since we see whatever has been alleged by either party to be confounded with every perversity, the necessity of the times being considered, we have decreed on this reasoning that what has been done pertains to pardon, on condition that henceforth nothing be attempted against the precepts of the blessed Apostle, nothing against the decrees of the Nicene canons. I. This first we will to be observed according to the rules of those same Fathers: that no one be in any way consecrated bishop without the cognizance and consent of our brother Ascanius the metropolitan, since the ancient order held this, and the authority of the three hundred and eighteen holy Fathers defined this; and whoever shall raise opposing hands against it confesses himself unworthy of the fellowship of those against whose precepts he has rebelled. II.

To their reproach, by a proud spirit that part also is despised by which it is guarded against that anyone presume, having left his own Church, to pass over to another. And this, with men too wickedly conniving, and—what is to be grieved more grievously—with you asserting it, Bishop Irenaeus attempts to commit: you who desire to be strengthened by our authority, you who, in matters most especially unlawful, prove that you are inflamed with great indignation. Therefore, your letters having been read in the assembly of the brethren whom the festivity of my birthday had gathered—the letters which were brought forth concerning the ordaining of bishops according to the statutes of the canons or the decrees of my predecessors—you will learn the sentence pronounced by the tenor of the acts, which we have likewise dispatched. III.

Wherefore, Bishop Irenaeus being removed from the Church of Barcino and sent back to his own, with the desires being calmed by sacerdotal modesty—the desires which, through ignorance of ecclesiastical laws, crave to obtain what is not lawful—let such a bishop forthwith be ordained for the Barcinonenses from their own clergy, such a one as it especially behooves you, brother Ascanius, to elect, and as is fitting to consecrate. Lest, if perchance it be done in like manner, our precept rebuke it not without reproach especially of your name—since we have learned that it was committed to the injury of God, from whom in a special way comes the grace of sacerdotal dignities—nor let the episcopal honor be reckoned a hereditary right, which is conferred on us by the goodness of our God Christ alone. IV.

The bishops therefore now ordained—who, although they were advanced while you were unaware, would have deserved to be removed together with their authors—we confirm on this reasoning: if no one of them was the husband of a widow, and entered into the marriage and vows of a single virgin, just as the legal statutes also command, saying: Let the priest take a virgin to wife, not a widow, not one put away (Lev. 21; Ezek. 44); according to which also the blessed Apostle Paul, the Teacher of the nations, did not keep silence by his own instruction concerning those who desire to become priests, saying (1 Tim. 3):

'The husband of one wife'; by the tenor of which sentence you ought to be so informed that, among the other things which are to be guarded against, you should especially be zealous to keep these which you recognize to have been enjoined before all things. V. In which it is also to be provided that there be not two priests in one Church, nor that one ignorant of letters, or lacking some part of his members, or even any one of the penitents, be allowed to approach the sacred ministry at all. Nor think that the petitions of the peoples avail so much that, while you desire to comply with them, you should forsake the will of our Lord which forbids us to sin—whose indignation is on this account the more gravely stirred, because His kindness is offended when unlawful things are done by those who are interpreters of propitiation. VI.

But that all things be corrected according to these things which we have written, we have dispatched the present letters by Trajanus, our subdeacon, who is coming. But if Bishop Irenaeus shall neglect to return to his own Church, the ambition of his wickedness being laid aside—which will be granted him not by judgment but by humanity—let him know that he is to be removed from the episcopal fellowship. Given on the third day before the Kalends of January, Basilicus and Herminericus, men most distinguished, being consuls. (In the year of Christ 465.) DECREES OF POPE SIMPLICIUS. I. Simplicius the bishop to John, bishop of Ravenna.

If there were any regard for ecclesiastical discipline, or if any sacerdotal modesty were held by you, punishable excesses would never be perpetrated; from which, if you could not be restrained by any precept of the paternal rules, you ought at least to have been recalled by the example of your predecessor of holy memory, who, although he had offended somewhat in making a presbyter against his will, had nonetheless felt a judgment worthy of such usurpation. Where did you learn these things which you have perpetrated against our brother and fellow-bishop Gregory—not by election, but by envy? Whom you suffered to be dragged to you by inexcusable violence, and to be harassed, that you might inflict on him an honor so great—not through tranquility of mind, but, as it must be said, through madness.

For such things could not have been done by soundness of counsel; we are unwilling to exaggerate what has been done, lest we be compelled to judge what is deserved: for he deserves to lose a privilege who abuses the power permitted to him. But one consideration makes us be of a milder sentence: that we preferred to learn of it through the report of our brother and fellow-bishop Projectus, rather than to publish it by our own letters on account of the disgrace.

For the scandal, of which you are acknowledged to be the author, our moderation has so checked, that our brother and fellow-bishop Gregory—who, it is established, was not advanced but driven out—shall, as he requested, have no case with you, but shall govern the Church of Mutina; and let him not refuse to embrace the spiritual fellowship which it was not fitting for him to be allotted against his will; and if perchance any business should arise for him, let our examination be sought from him, or against him.

For the necessities also which he is compelled to endure by your doing, we will provide by this definition: that, the estate being restored which he records as having been given to him a year before, and being returned to the Church of Ravenna, a possession in the district of Bononia yielding thirty solidi of free revenue be handed over to him without hesitation—namely, for the days of his life, the property right of the Church of Ravenna being preserved, to which, after the death of the aforesaid, it shall revert. But if our constitutions shall not be obeyed, you yourself weigh what remains after the transgression for the contumacious.

Moreover we declare, that if hereafter you shall presume anything such, and shall perchance think to make any one—whether bishop, or presbyter, or deacon—against his will, you may know that the ordinations of the Church of Ravenna, or of Aemilia, are to be taken from you. Given on the third day before the Kalends of June, Severinus, a most distinguished man, being consul. (In the year of Christ 481.) II. Simplicius the bishop to Florentius, Equitius, and Severus, bishops. The report of your charity has informed us, and the series of acts has more fully made known, that Gaudentius, priest of the Church of Aulinum, has perpetrated unlawful ordinations against the statutes of the canons and our precepts; the whole power of which we command to be utterly taken from him.

For we have written to Severus, our brother and fellow-bishop, that, if it be necessary, he himself in the aforesaid Church, the rules of the Fathers being considered, should discharge that office which the other has been convicted of having abused; so that those who have been unlawfully advanced by him be removed from ecclesiastical ministries. At the same time also concerning the revenues of the Church, or the offering of the faithful, let him promise that nothing is permitted to the ignorant man as is fitting, but let only the fourth portion of these be remitted to him; let two portions be ministered by Onager the presbyter, under peril of his order, for the profit of the ecclesiastical fabrics and for the relief of pilgrims and the poor; let the last be divided among the clergy according to the merits of each.

But the true ministries of the Church, which we have learned to have been alienated, let the presumptuous man be compelled by the insistence of the aforesaid brother to restore; on whom also in this matter we have specially commanded pressure to be brought, that he restore those three portions which he is said for a triennium to have claimed for himself alone. Given on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of December, after the consulate of Leo Augustus. (In the year of Christ 475.) DECREES OF POPE FELIX. (Roman Synod. In the year of Christ 487.) Flavius Boethius, a most distinguished man, being consul. On the third day before the Ides of

March, in the Constantinian basilica, the venerable man Pope Felix presiding, together with Candidus of Tibur, Paschasius of Centumcellae, Equitius of Matelica, Epiphanius of Spello, Herennius of Portus, Agnellus of Telese, Urbanus of Fulginium, Martinianus of Formia, Cresconius of Tudertum, Basilius of Tollentinum, Constantius of Aquinum, Philippus of Numana, Bonus of Ostia, Constantius of Tribea, Constantinus of Capua, Severus of Casinum, Martianus of Ameria, Herculius of Ocriculum, Maximus of Bleda, Projectitius of Tarquinii, Maximinus of Ferentinum, Felix of Anteatum, Felix of Anagni, Andreas of Gabii, Cyprianus of Nomentum, Vitalis of Fundi, Constantius of Sutrium, Gaudentius of Forum Clodii, Asterius of Forum Novum, Victor of ...

Rusticus and Pardalius of Africa, Petrus of Subaugusta, Bassus of Ferentinum, Innocentius of Mevania, Benignus of Aquaviva, Decius of Tres Tabernae, Athanasius of Albanum, Petrus of Lorium, Felicissimus of Sabina, Bonifacius of Velitrae, Romulus of Praeneste, Donatus—bishops; and presbyters; the deacons also standing by, Felix, bishop of the Catholic Church of the city of Rome, presiding over the synod, said: It is a common grief, and a general groaning, that within Africa we have learned that even bishops, presbyters, and deacons have been rebaptized; which matter without doubt has come also to the notice of your holiness. Concerning which, it behooves us to ordain what ought to be observed.

Therefore, that our judgment upon this matter may be manifest, let what has seemed good to us be recited. Anastasius the deacon recited: To the most beloved brethren in Christ Jesus, all the bishops established throughout the various provinces. In what manner the cunning of the devil has raged in the African regions against the Christian people, and has broken forth into this through manifold deception, that it has plunged into the depths of death not only the unwary common folk but the very priests themselves—no part of the world has not groaned, no land has been ignorant of it. Wherefore, set in great mourning, we cannot dissemble the peril of the souls that are perishing and that are to be required of us: