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Triads in Defence of the Holy Hesychasts 1 part 18/21

Greek original · 105 verses · some words can be tapped for a gloss · long chapter, split into parts; this part covers 1:1994–1:2098 (2460 verses in all)

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ℹ️ This corpus has no verse-level morphological tagging. Lemmas come mainly from word-level tagging of other books in the same language (not from this verse), falling back to dictionary form-matching for the rest. Rare homographs can still be misread; verify against the original and a specialist lexicon where precision matters.
ℹ️ The Chinese and English alongside are this site's own translation, made directly from the original text on this page (not the CUV or the WEB, which follow the Masoretic Text and a different textual tradition).
1:1994
Οὐ μήν οὐδέ τό σύμβολον τοῦθ ἁπλῶς ἑωράκασιν οἱ τοῦ Κυρίου μαθηταί, μή πρότερον ὀφθαλμούς λαβόντες, οὕς οὐ πρότερον εἶχον, ὡς ἐκ τυφλῶν γενέσθαι βλέποντες, κατά τόν ἐκ Δαμασκοῦ θεῖον Ἰωάννην, καί ἰδεῖν τό ἄκτιστον ἐκεῖνο φῶς, ὥστε εἰ καί ὀφθαλμοῖς ἐγένετο ληπτόν, ἀλλ ὑπέρ ὀφθαλμούς γεγενημένοις καί πνευματικῇ δυνάμει τοῦ πνευματικοῦ φωτός ἀντιλαμβανομένοις
Indeed, neither did the disciples of the Lord simply see this symbol without first receiving eyes which they did not have before, so that, as it were, they became seeing out of blind, according to the divine John of Damascus, and thus beheld that uncreated light — so that, even though it did become perceptible to eyes, it was to eyes that had become beyond ordinary eyes, and that apprehended the spiritual light by a spiritual power.
事實上,主的門徒們也並非僅僅以尋常方式看見這象徵,而是先領受了他們原先所沒有的眼睛,如同大馬士革的神聖若望所說,彷彿他們由瞎眼變為看見一般,才得以看見那非受造的光;因此,這光雖然確實成為眼睛所能感知的,但那眼睛卻已超越了尋常的眼睛,是藉著屬靈的能力來感知那屬靈之光的。
1:1995
Οὕτω καταἴσθησιν καί ὑπέρ αἴσθησιν τό φῶς ἐκεῖνο τό ἀπόρρητον, τό ἀπρόσιτον, τό ἄϋλον, τό ἄκτιστον, τό θεοποιόν, τό ἀΐδιον, ἡ λαμπρότης τῆς θείας φύσεως, ἡ δόξα τῆς θεότητος, ἡ τῆς οὐρανίου βασιλέιας εὐπρέπεια
Thus that light is both according to sense-perception and beyond sense-perception — that ineffable, inaccessible, immaterial, uncreated, deifying, eternal light; the brightness of the divine nature, the glory of the Godhead, the comeliness of the heavenly kingdom.
因此,那光既依感官而〔可感〕,又超越感官——那不可言喻的、不可親近的、非物質的、非受造的、令人成神的、永恆的光;那是神聖本性的光輝,是神性的榮耀,是天國之美。
1:1996
Τό τοιοῦτο τοίνυν ἀλλότριόν σοι δοκεῖ θεότητος, αἰσθητόν τε καί κτιστόν σύμβολον καί δι ἀέρος ὁρατόν;
Does such a thing, then, seem to you to be alien to the Godhead — a sensible, created symbol, visible through the air?
這樣的光,在你看來竟是與神性無關的、是一種可感的、受造的、藉由空氣才可見的象徵嗎?
1:1997
Ἀλλ ὡς μέν οὐκ ἀλλότριον, ἀλλά φυσικόν θεότητος, αὖθις ἄκουσον τοῦ τά θεῖα σοφοῦ Δαμασκηνοῦ λέγοντος, οὐκ ἐπίκτητον, ὡς ὁ Μωϋσῆς, ἔσχε τό τῆς θείας δόξης ὡράϊσμα, ἀλλἐκ τῆς ἐμφύτου θείας δόξης τε καί λαμπρότητος˙ καί πάλιν, τούς κορυφαίους τῶν ἀποστόλων προσλαμβάνεται μάρτυρας τοῖς οἰκείας δόξης τε καί θεότητος, ἀποκαλύπτει δέ αὐτοῖς τήν οἰκείαν θεότητα, τήν ἁπάντων ἐπέκεινα, τήν μόνην καί ὑπερτελῆ καί προτέλειον
But that it is not alien, but rather natural to the Godhead, hear again the wise Damascene, learned in divine things, saying: 'He did not, like Moses, possess the adornment of divine glory as something acquired, but from his innate divine glory and brightness'; and again: 'He takes the foremost of the apostles as witnesses of his own glory and Godhead, and reveals to them his own Godhead, that which is beyond all things, the only, all-perfect and pre-perfect Godhead.'
然而,若要說它並非陌生於神性,而是本性地屬於神性,再次聽聽精通神聖事理的智者大馬士革人怎麼說:「祂並不像摩西那樣,將神聖榮耀的裝飾視為後天獲得之物,而是出於祂與生俱來的神聖榮耀與光輝」;又說:「祂選取使徒中的首領作為祂自己榮耀與神性的見證人,並向他們啟示祂自己的神性,那超越萬有、唯一、超完滿而先於完滿的神性。」
1:1998
Ὅτι δέ οὐδέ διἀέρος ὁρατόν, δείκνυσιν ὁ μέγας Διονύσιος καί ὅσοι μετ αὐτοῦ τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος φῶς τοῦτο ὀνομάζουσιν, ὅτε οὐκ ἀέρος ( σελ
And that it is not visible through the air either, the great Dionysius shows, and all those who, along with him, call this the light of the age to come, when, according to them, we will have no
至於它也並非藉由空氣而可見這一點,偉大的狄奧尼修斯已經指明了,凡與他所見略同者,也都稱這光為來世之光;因為照他們所說,到那時我們將不再有
1:1999
) ἡμῖν ἔσται χρεία κατ αὐτούς, πρός δέ τούτοις καί ὁ μέγας Βασίλειος τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς τῆς καρδίας τοῦτο λέγων ὁρατόν
need of air; and besides these, the great Basil also, saying that this is visible to the eyes of the heart.
需要空氣了;此外,偉大的巴西流也如此說,他稱這光是「心靈之眼」所能看見的。
1:2000
Ὅτι δέ οὐδ αἰσθητόν, ἔστι συνιδεῖν καί τῷ μή δι ἀέρος εἶναι ὁρατόν, ἀλλά κἀν τῷ Θαβωρίῳ λάμψαν ὑπέρ ἥλιον οὐδέ τοῖς πλησιοχώροις ὦπται
And that it is not sensible either can be seen also from the fact that it is not visible through air; indeed, even when it shone on Tabor beyond the sun, it was not seen even by those in the surrounding region.
至於它也並非可感之物,這一點也可以從它並非藉由空氣可見這一事實得知;因為即便它在他泊山上發出勝過太陽的光輝,附近地區的人們也並未看見它。
1:2001
Σύ δέ τοσούτοις καί ἐπί τοσοῦτον ἐξυμνοῦσι τό τοιοῦτο φῶς ἀντικείμενος ἁγίοις, ἆρ οὐ δῆλος εἶ βλασφημῶν ἐκών εἰς τόν Θεόν;
But you, opposing so many saints, and to such a degree, who thus extol this light — are you not clearly, and willingly, blaspheming against God?
但你竟然與如此眾多、又如此極力頌揚這光的聖徒們相對立,難道你不是明顯地、蓄意地褻瀆神嗎?
1:2002
Οὐ παύσῃ τοιγαροῦν, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, τό φῶς τῆς θείας καί οὐσιώδους εὐπρεπείας, οὐκ αἰσθητόν μόνον καί κτιστόν, ἀλλά καί χεῖρον τῆς ἡμετέρας νοήσεως ἀποφαινόμενος;
Will you not cease, O man, declaring the light of divine and essential comeliness to be not only sensible and created, but even inferior to our mere intellection?
人啊,你難道還不停止宣稱那神聖且本質性之美的光,不僅是可感的、受造的,甚至還低於我們人類的理解力嗎?
1:2003
Χεῖρον νοήσεως, ὦ γῆ καί οὐρανέ, καί πάντες οἱ ἐν αὐτοῖς τό φῶς ὁρῶντες τῆς θείας βασιλείας, τήν καλλονήν τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος, τήν δόξαν τῆς φύσεως τῆς θείας;
Inferior to intellection — O heaven and earth, and all who dwell in them — the light of the divine kingdom, the beauty of the age to come, the glory of the divine nature?
竟說那神聖國度之光——來世的美善、神聖本性的榮耀——竟低於理解力嗎?天哪,地啊,以及其中一切〔生靈〕,你們聽見了嗎?
1:2004
Φῶς, ὅ κατἔκστασιν πάσης αἰσθητῆς καί νεορᾶς ἀντιλήψεως οἱ ἀπόστολοι, κατά τόν Κρήτης θεσπέσιον Ἀνδρέαν, εἶδον, τῷ μηδόλως ὁρᾶν τό ὄντως ὁρᾶν εἰσδεδεγμένοι καί τῷ πάσχειν τά θεῖα τῶν ὑπέρ φύσιν τήν αἴσθησιν προσιέμενοι;
The light which the apostles, according to the divinely-inspired Andrew of Crete, saw in an ecstasy transcending every sensible and noetic apprehension, having received the truly seeing precisely by not seeing at all in the ordinary way, and admitting the perception of things beyond nature by themselves undergoing divine things?
這光,正如革哩底的靈感聖師安得烈所說,使徒們是在超越一切感官與心智覺知的出神狀態中看見的,他們正是藉著「完全不以尋常方式觀看」而領受了「真正的觀看」,並且藉由「親身經歷神聖之事」而接受了對超越本性之事物的覺知。
1:2005
Οὐ δαιμονιώδης ἡ χείρων διανοίας ἐπί τῶν τοιούτων ἔκστασις;
Is the ecstasy that occurs in such experiences, being inferior to discursive reason, not demoniacal?
難道說,在這類經驗中發生的、被視為低於理智的出神狀態,不是出於魔鬼的嗎?
1:2006
Δαιμονιώδη τοίνυν ἔπαθαν ἔκστασιν, ὤ τῆς ἀνηκούστου ἀκοῆς, οἱ τοῦ Κυρίου μύσται, καίτοι κοινῇ λέγειν παρελάβομεν πρός τόν Χριστόν ὅτι τό ἄσχετον τῆς σῆς φωτοχυσίας καί ἀπρόσιτον τῆς θεότητος θεασάμενοι τῶν ἀποστόλων οἱ πρόκριτοι ἐπί τοῦ ὄρους, τήν θείαν ἠλλοιώθησαν ἔκστασιν;
Did the initiates of the Lord, then, suffer a demoniacal ecstasy — O what an unheard-of thing to hear! — even though we have received it as a common teaching to say to Christ that 'the foremost of the apostles, having beheld on the mountain the unrestrainable outpouring of your light and the inaccessibility of your Godhead, were transformed by divine ecstasy'?
難道主的入奧祕者〔門徒〕竟遭受了魔鬼般的出神——這是何等聞所未聞的話啊!——儘管我們承襲的共同傳統,是向基督這樣宣認:「使徒中的首領們,在山上目睹了你那不可抑制的光之傾流、以及你神性那不可親近的〔奧祕〕,便為神聖的出神所改變」?
1:2007
Πῶς δ οὐκ ἄν ἁλοίης καί κτίσμα λέγων τόν Θεόν, ὁ τάς οὐσιώδεις ἐνεργείας αὐτοῦ κτιστάς ἀποφαινόμενος;
And how would you not be convicted of calling God a creature, you who declare his essential energies to be created?
而你這聲稱神那本質性的能力運作是受造的人,又怎能不被判定為也是在稱神為受造之物呢?
1:2008
Οὐ γάρ ἄν τοῦτο φαίη τις νοῦν ἔχων, ὅτι ἡ οὐσιώδης ἀγαθότης καί ζωή ἡ ὑπερούσιος οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν˙ οὐ γάρ τό οὐσιώδες ἡ τά οὐσιώδη ἔχουσα˙ κατά δέ τόν μέγαν Διονύσιον, ὅταν τήν ὑπερούσιον κρυφιότητα Θεόν ἡ ζωήν ἤ οὐσίαν ὀνομάσωμεν, ( σελ
For no one with any sense would say this: that the essential goodness and life is the supra-essential essence of God; for that which possesses essential attributes is not the same as the essential attribute itself. But according to the great Dionysius, when we name the supra-essential hiddenness 'God' or 'life' or 'essence,'
因為凡有理智之人都不會說,本質性的良善與生命就是神那超本質的本質本身;因為擁有本質性屬性者,並不等同於本質性屬性本身。而按照偉大的狄奧尼修斯所說,當我們稱那超本質的隱祕者為「神」、「生命」或「本質」時,
1:2009
ἐκδιδομένας ἐκ Θεοῦ τοῦ ἀμεθέκτου προνοητικάς δυνάμεις
we thereby signify the providential powers issuing forth from the imparticipable God.
我們所指的是那從不可分有的神那裡發出的、具有眷顧作用的能力。
1:2010
Δυνάμεις μέν οὖν αὗται οὐσιώδεις, ὑπερούσιον δέ, μᾶλλον δέ καί αὐθυπερουσίως ὑπερούσιον, τό ταύτας τάς δυνάμεις συνειλημμένως τε καί ἑνιαίως ἔχον˙ οὕτω τοίνυν καί τό θεουργόν ἐκεῖνο φῶς οὐσιῶδές ἐστιν, ἀλλ οὐκ αὐτό οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ
These powers, then, are essential; but that which possesses these powers collectively and unitively is supra-essential — or rather, supra-essential in its very own supra-essential way. Thus, then, that deifying light too is essential, but is not itself the essence of God.
這些能力乃是本質性的;然而那以聚合而合一的方式擁有這些能力者,卻是超本質的——或者更確切地說,是以其自身超本質的方式而超本質。因此,那神化之光同樣也是本質性的,但它本身並非神的本質。
1:2011
Ὁ δέ φιλόσοφος οὗτος προϊών, οὐ τοῦτο μόνον ἀλλά καί πᾶσαν δύναμιν καί ἐνέργειαν Θεοῦ κτιστήν εἶναι ἀποφαίνεται, καίτοι τῶν ἁγίων λεγόντων φανερῶς ὅτι τῆς ἀκτίστου φύσεως καί τά φυσικά πάντα καί πᾶσα δύναμίς τε καί ἐνέργεια ἄκτιστός ἐστιν, ὥσπερ καί τά τῆς κτιστῆς φύσεως κτιστά
But this philosopher, proceeding further, declares not only this but every power and energy of God to be created, even though the saints say plainly that of the uncreated nature both all its natural properties and every power and energy are uncreated, just as the properties of created nature are created.
然而,這位哲學家變本加厲,不僅聲稱這光是受造的,甚至宣稱神的一切能力與能力運作都是受造的;儘管聖徒們清楚地說過,屬於非受造本性的一切本性屬性、以及一切能力與能力運作,都是非受造的,正如屬於受造本性的一切也都是受造的一樣。
1:2012
Ἀλλά πῶς, φησίν, οὐκ ἔστιν ἡ ὑπερούσιος οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἴπερ δεσποτικούς φέρει χαρακτῆρας, εἰ πάσης ὁρωμένης τε καί νοουμένης κτίσεως ἐπέκεινα, τό ὑπέρ αἴσθησιν, τό ὑπέρ νόησιν, τό κυρίως ὄν, τό ἀεί ὄν, τό ἄϋλον, τό ἀναλλοίωτον, καί ταῦτα παρ ὑμῶν ἐνυπόστατον λεγόμενον;
"But how," he says, "is it not the supra-essential essence of God, if it bears the marks of the Master — if it is beyond every creature both seen and conceived, being that which is above sense, above intellection, that which truly is, that which always is, the immaterial, the unchangeable — and this too, called by you 'enhypostatic'?"
「但是,」他說,「若它承載著主宰性的特徵——若它超越一切可見與可思之受造物、是超乎感官的、超乎理解的、是真正存在者、恆常存在者、非物質的、不變的,而且你們還稱它為『具位性的』——它又怎能不是神那超本質的本質呢?」
1:2013
Πῶς δέ τοῦ τοιούτου φωτός τήν οὐσίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπέκεινά φατε;
"And how do you say that the essence of God is beyond such a light?"
「你們又怎能說神的本質是超越這樣的光的呢?」
1:2014
Ταῦτα δέ οὐ διαπορητικῶς ἐκεῖνος λέγει, ποθῶν παρά του τῶν ἁπάντων εὐκρίνειαν τῶν ἀσαφῶν ἤ λύσιν τῶν ἀπόρων, ἀλλ ἡμᾶς ἐξελέγχει, ὡς νομίζει, μᾶλλον δέ προθέμενος ἐλέγχειν, εἶθ ὡς μή δυνάμενος, μανείς ἐξυβρίζει καθ ἡμῶν, νῦν μέν ἀθλίως διεφθάρθαι τό κριτικόν τῆς ψυχῆς ἰσχυριζόμενος, νῦν δέ τῶν πώποτε αἱρετικῶν ἐκείνων Μασσαλιανῶν ἴσους τε καί χείρους λέγων, ἄλλοτε δυσσεβεῖς καί πολυθέους˙ ἀλλά γάρ οὐδἀσεβεῖς καί ἀθέους καί παντάπασιν ἀλιτηρίως καλεῖν παρῃτήσατο
Now he says these things not in a spirit of aporetic inquiry, desiring from anyone a clarification of what is obscure, or a resolution of the difficulties, but rather he refutes us, as he supposes — or rather, having set out to refute us and then, as being unable to do so, he goes mad and rages abusively against us: now claiming that the discerning faculty of our soul has been wretchedly corrupted, now saying that we are equal to, or even worse than, those heretics of old, the Massalians, at other times calling us impious and polytheists; indeed, he did not even refrain from calling us godless, atheist, and altogether accursed.
但他說這些話,並非出於探究疑難、渴望有人為模糊之處加以釐清、或解決困難的精神,而是自以為在反駁我們——更確切地說,他原本立意要反駁,卻因無法做到,便發了狂似地對我們肆意謾罵:時而堅稱我們靈魂的分辨能力已悲慘地敗壞了,時而說我們與昔日那些馬撒利安異端一樣、甚或更甚,又時而稱我們不敬虔、多神論者;甚至他也毫不吝惜地稱我們為無神論者、褻瀆神明者,以及徹頭徹尾該受詛咒之人。
1:2015
Διθεΐται δέ ἐστιν, ὡς αὐτός καί διά γραμμάτων καί διά στόματος ἰσχυρίζεται καί περιαγγέλλει πᾶσιν, ἡ μᾶλλον τῶν ἄλλων ἡμῖν ἐπωνυμία προσήκουσα, καίτοι παρ αὐτῶν τῶν ὑπ αὐτοῦ λεγομένων πάσης ἡμᾶς ἄκων ἐξαιρεῖται μέμψεως˙ ἐπεί γάρ φησιν ἕν ἡμᾶς λέγειν τό ἐπέκεινα πάντων, καί τοῦτο τήν ὑπερούσιον ἐκείνην ἕνα Θεόν ἡμᾶς λέγειν μαρτυρεῖ, τό δέ φῶς ἐκεῖνο οὐκ (σελ
"Ditheist" is, as he himself asserts both in writing and by word of mouth, and proclaims to all, the appellation more fitting for us than all the others — although, by the very things said by him, he unwittingly exempts us from all such blame; for since he says that we call the reality beyond all things 'one,' this itself testifies that we call that supra-essential reality one God, and that that light is not
「雙神論者」,正如他自己以文字與口頭所堅稱、並向眾人宣告的那樣,乃是比其他一切稱號更適合我們的稱謂;然而,恰恰是從他自己所說的話當中,他卻不自覺地為我們洗清了這一切指控:因為既然他說我們稱那超越萬有者為「一」,這本身就見證了我們是把那超本質者稱為獨一的神,而那光則並非
1:2016
) οὐσίαν, ἀλλά τῆς οὐσίας ἐκείνης ἐνέργειαν, ἥν οὐσίαν μίαν τε οὖσαν εἴπομεν καί ἐπέκεινα πάντων ὡς πάντα ἐνεργοῦσαν
essence, but the energy of that essence — which essence we have said is one, and beyond all things, inasmuch as it operates all things.
本質,而是那本質的能力運作;而我們曾說,那本質是唯一的、超越萬有的,因為它運作萬有。
1:2017
Ἀλλ οὐδ, εἰς τήν ἐνέργειαν ταύτην τῆς μιᾶς ἐκείνης οὐσίας φαίημεν ἀχώριστον, σύνθετος ἡ ὑπερουσιότης ἐκείνη παρά τοῦτο ἔσται˙ ἦ γάρ ἄν οὐδεμία ἦν ἁπλῆ οὐσία, εἴγε τοῦτο ἦν˙ οὐσίαν γάρ φυσικῆς ἄνευ ἐνεργείας οὐδ ἠντινοῦν ἄν ἴδοις
But not even if we should say that this energy is inseparable from that one essence will that supra-essentiality thereby become composite; for otherwise there would be no simple essence at all, if this were so — for you would not find any essence whatsoever without its natural energy.
而且,即便我們說這能力運作與那唯一的本質不可分離,那超本質性也不會因此而成為複合的;否則的話,若真是如此,那就沒有任何一個本質是單純的了——因為你找不到任何一個本質是沒有其本性能力運作的。
1:2018
Δεσποτικούς δέ πῶς οὐκ ἄν φέροι χαρακτῆρας τό θεοποιόν φῶς, ὅ καί αὐτός ὑπό τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων ἀληθείας συνωσθείς θεότητος προσεῖπες σύμβολον;
And how would the deifying light not bear the marks of the Master — the light which you yourself, compelled by the truth of the facts, called a symbol of the Godhead?
而那令人成神的光,怎能不承載主宰性的特徵呢?畢竟,連你自己也曾被事實的真相所迫,稱它為神性的象徵。
1:2019
Ἐνυπόστατον δέ οὐ τό αὐθυπόστατον ἐνταῦθα λεγόντων τῶν ἁγίων, πῶς ἄλλη τις οὐσία καθ αὑτήν, ἤ πῶς ἕτερος δεύτερος Θεός ὁ μή ὕπαρξιν ἰδίαν ἔχων;
And since the saints, in saying 'enhypostatic' here, do not mean 'self-subsistent,' how could this light be some other essence in itself, or how could it be a different, second God — this light which does not have an existence of its own?
而聖徒們在此稱它為「具位性的」,並非指「自立的」(有自己獨立位格的);那麼,這光既不具有自己獨立的存在,又怎能成為另一個本質自身,或成為另一個、第二位的神呢?
1:2020
Εἰ δέ διά τό ἄναρχον εἶναι καί ταύτην τήν ἐνέργειαν, ἄκτιστόν τε καί ἀπερινόητον, Θεόν ἄλλον ἀπαρτίζεις ἐν ταῖς συνεταῖς σου ὑπονοίαις καί τό τοῦ Θεοῦ θέλημα Θεόν ἡμῖν ἄλλον ἀπαρτίσεις, τοῦ σεπτοῦ Μαξίμου λέγοντος, ὥσπερ ἡ θεία φύσις ἡ τρισυπόστατος, ἄναρχος, ἄκτιστος, ἀπερινόητος, ἁπλῆ καί ἀσύνθετος ὁλότητι ὑπάρχει, οὕτω καί τό ταύτης θέλημα˙ τό αὐτό δ ἄν εἴποις καί ἐπί πασῶν τῶν φυσικῶν ἐνεργειῶν αὐτῆς
But if, because this energy too is without beginning, uncreated, and incomprehensible, you fabricate in your clever suppositions another God, then you will likewise fabricate for us another God out of the will of God — since the venerable Maximus says that just as the divine nature, which subsists in three hypostases, is without beginning, uncreated, incomprehensible, simple, and uncomposite in its totality, so too is its will; and you would say the same of all its natural energies.
但若你因這能力運作同樣是無始的、非受造的、不可思議的,就在你那自作聰明的臆測中虛構出另一位神,那麼你也將照此為我們虛構出另一位神——出自「神的旨意」;然而,可敬的馬克西姆卻說:正如那三位一體的神聖本性,是無始的、非受造的、不可思議的、單純而不可複合的整全,其旨意也同樣如此;你對其一切本性的能力運作,也可以這樣說。
1:2021
Ἀλλά θεοποιόν, φησί, δῶρόν ἐστιν ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ μίμησις, ἕξις οὖσα τῆς νοερᾶς καί λογικῆς φύσεως, ἀπό τῆς πρώτης διακοσμήσεως ἀρχομένη καί τοῖς ἐσχάτοις τῶν λογικῶν περατουμένη, ἐπεί καί ὁ μέγας Διονύσιος, ἑρμηνεύων πῶς ὑπέρ θεαρχίαν ὁ Θεός ἐστιν, εἰ θεότητα, φησί, νοήσαις τό χρῆμα τοῦ θεοποιοῦ δώρου καί τά ἀμίμητον μίμημα τοῦ ὑπερθέου καί ὑπεραγάθου
"But," he says, "the deifying gift is the imitation of God — a disposition belonging to the noetic and rational nature, beginning from the first order [of being] and terminating with the last of rational beings; since indeed the great Dionysius too, in explaining how God is above the very principle of divinity, says: 'if you should understand by "divinity" the reality of the deifying gift, and the inimitable imitation of him who is above-God and above-Good...'"
「但是,」他說,「那令人成神的恩賜,就是對神的模仿——這是屬於心智與理性本性的一種秉性,始於第一等級的受造秩序,終於理性存有中最末等者;因為偉大的狄奧尼修斯在解釋神如何超越『神性本原』時也說:『倘若你把「神性」理解為那令人成神之恩賜的實質、以及對那超乎神、超乎善者的不可模仿之模仿……』」
1:2022
Ἀλλ ὦγαθέ, πρῶτον μέν ὁ ἅγιος τῷ μιμήματι τό ἀμίμητον προσέθηκεν˙ οὐ μᾶλλον οὖν μίμησις ἤ ἀμιμησία˙ πῶς οὖν εὐπαράδεκτος αὐτός ἔσῃ θατέρᾳ μερίδι μόνῃ προσθέμενος;
But, my good fellow, first of all the saint added 'inimitable' to 'imitation'; it is, then, no more imitation than non-imitation. How, then, will you yourself be readily credible, if you attach yourself to only one of the two sides?
但是,好朋友啊,首先,那位聖者是在「模仿」之前加上了「不可模仿的」;因此,這與其說是模仿,不如說同樣是不可模仿。那麼,你若只執取兩者中的一端,又怎能讓自己的說法可信呢?
1:2023
Ἔπειτ ἐκεῖνος δύο εἶπε, τό τε θεοποιόν δῶρον καί τό ἀμίμητον μίμημα, ἐμοί δοκῶν ( σελ
Next, that saint spoke of two things: the deifying gift, and the inimitable imitation — thereby, it seems to me,
其次,那位聖者提到了兩件事:令人成神的恩賜,以及那不可模仿的模仿——在我看來,他藉此
1:2024
) τοῦθ ἡμᾶς διδάσκων, ὡς εἰ καί παρ ἑαυτοῦ θεωθῆναι ἄνθρωπον ἀδύνατον, ἀφωμοιωμένον τῷ ἀμιμήτῳ Θεῷ διά μιμήσεως, ἀλλά δεῖ μιμεῖσθαι τόν ἀμίμητον˙ οὕτω γάρ ἀν τύχοι τοῦ δώρου τοῦ θεοποιοῦ καί Θεός θέσει χρηματίσειε
teaching us this: that although it is impossible for a man, by himself, to be deified, made like to the inimitable God through imitation, nevertheless he must imitate the inimitable — for thus he would attain the deifying gift, and might be styled 'God' by adoption.
教導我們這個道理:儘管人不可能單憑自己就成神,藉由「模仿」而肖似那不可模仿的神,然而人仍必須去模仿那不可模仿者——因為唯有如此,他才能獲得那令人成神的恩賜,並可以按恩賜之名而被稱為「神」。
1:2025
ἐξηγησάμενος˙ καί ἀποξέσας μέν τόν σύνδεσμον, ἀντ αὐτοῦ δέ προσγράψας τήν ἀντωνυμίαν, οὕτω τό ρητόν ἡμῖν δῆθεν διευκρινῶν ἀνέγνως, εἰ θεότητα καί ἀγαθότητα νοήσεις τό χρῆμα τοῦ θεοποιοῦ δώρου, αὐτό τό ἀμίμητον μίμημα τοῦ ὑπερθέου
So [the saint] interpreted it. But you, having scraped away the conjunction, and in its place having written in the pronoun, thus read the saying to us, as though clarifying it, in this altered form: 'if you should understand by "divinity" and "goodness" the reality of the deifying gift, that gift being itself the inimitable imitation of the above-God one.'
那位聖者是如此解釋的。然而你卻把連接詞刪去,換上代名詞,然後彷彿在為我們釐清這句話一般,把這句話讀成了這樣:「倘若你把『神性』與『良善』理解為那令人成神之恩賜的實質,而這恩賜本身正是那超乎神者不可模仿的模仿。」
1:2026
Πρός δέ τούτοις καί φυσικήν ἕξιν λέγεις τήν χάριν τῆς θεώσεως, τουτέστι δυνάμεως φυσικῆς ἐντελέχειάν τε καί φανέρωσιν, ἀφ οὗ τῇ τῶν Μασσαλιανῶν ὄντως, ὡς οὐκ οἶσθα, περιπέπτωκας ἀπάτῃ˙ φύσει γάρ ἔσται κατά πᾶσαν ἀνάγκην Θεός θεούμενος, εἰ κατά φυσικήν δύναμιν ἡ θέωσις ἔσται καί τοῖς ὅροις τῆς φύσεως ἐμπεριλαμβάνεσθαι πέφυκε
Moreover, you also call the grace of deification a 'natural disposition' — that is, the actualization and manifestation of a natural power — whereby, unknown to yourself, you have fallen truly into the deception of the Massalians; for the one being deified will, by every necessity, be God by nature, if deification is to occur according to a natural power, and is by nature such as to be encompassed within the boundaries of nature.
此外,你還把成神的恩典稱為一種「本性的秉性」,也就是說,是一種本性能力的實現與顯明——由此,連你自己都不知不覺地落入了馬撒利安派的謬妄之中;因為,若成神是依照本性的能力而發生,並且本性地能被包含在本性的界限之內,那麼被成神者勢必按其本性而成為神,這是絕對必然的。
1:2027
Μή τοίνυν τήν σαυτοῦ περιτροπήν τῶν ἀσφαλῶς ἑστώτων λέγε, μηδέ μῶμον τοῖς ἀμωμήτοις τήν πίστιν ἐπιχείρει προστρίψασθαι, τά πρός ἀλήθειαν αἴσχη σά τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀποματτόμενος, μᾶλλον δ ἀναιδῶς ἐκείνων ὡς τοιούτων καταψευδόμενος
Do not, then, call your own overturning of things that stand securely by their name, nor attempt to smear a blemish upon the blameless faith, wiping your own disgraces — which in truth are yours — onto others; or rather, shamelessly slandering them as though they were guilty of the same.
因此,切莫把你自己對堅定站立之事的顛覆說成別的名目,也不要企圖將污點抹在那無可指摘的信仰之上,把你自己真正的醜行擦拭到別人身上——或者不如說,你是無恥地誣衊他們,好像他們也犯了同樣的錯一般。
1:2028
Ἀλλά καί αὐτός διδάσκου παρά τῶν εἰδότων ἤ παρά τῶν ὑπ ἐκείνων δεδιδαγμένων, ὡς ἄσχετός ἐστι παντάπασιν ἡ τῆς θεώσεως χάρις, οὐκ ἔχουσα τήν οἱανοῦν δεκτικήν ἑαυτῆς ἐν τῇ φύσει δύναμιν˙ ἐπεί οὐκέτι χάρις ἐστίν, ἀλλά τῆς κατά τήν φυσικήν δύναμιν ἐνεργείας φανέρωσις, καί οὐδέ παράδοξον ἔσται τό γενόμενον, εἰ κατά δεκτικήν δύναμιν φύσεως ἡ θέωσις εἴη˙ φύσεως γάρ ἄν εἰκότως ἔργον, ἀλλ οὐ Θεοῦ δῶρον ἡ θέωσις εἴη, καί δυνήσεται καί φύσει Θεός ὁ τοιοῦτος εἶναι καί κυρίως προσαγορεύεσθαι˙ οὐδέ γάρ ἄλλο τι καθέστηκεν ἡ κατά φύσιν τῶν ὄντων ἑκάστου δύναμις ἤ φύσεως πρός ἐνέργειαν ἀπαράβατος κίνησις
But be taught, you too, by those who know, or by those who have been taught by them, that the grace of deification is altogether without relation to nature, possessing no power in nature whatsoever that is receptive of it; for otherwise it would no longer be grace, but merely the manifestation of an energy operating according to a natural power, and what occurred would not even be paradoxical, if deification were according to a receptive power of nature — for deification would then reasonably be a work of nature, and not a gift of God, and such a one would be able to be, and to be properly called, God by nature; for the natural power of each of the beings that exist is nothing other than the unfailing movement of nature toward its own energy.
但你也應當向那些知曉此理者、或向那些受教於他們之人求教:成神的恩典是全然不受制約的,它並非本性中具有任何能承受它的能力;因為若非如此,它便不再是恩典,而只是依本性能力而運作之顯明罷了;並且,若成神是依照本性中具有承受能力而發生的,那麼所發生的事也就不足為奇了——因為如此一來,成神理所當然會成為本性的作為,而非神的恩賜,而這樣的人也就能夠、也理應被稱為「按本性是神」了;因為凡存在之物各自依本性所具有的能力,無非就是本性朝向其自身能力運作那不可違逆的運動而已。
1:2029
) ἐξίστησιν ἑαυτοῦ τόν θεούμενον ἡ θέωσις, εἰ τοῖς ὅροις τῆς φύσεως αὐτή περιείληπται, συνιδεῖν οὐκ ἔχω
...deification puts the one being deified outside of himself — but if deification itself is encompassed within the boundaries of nature, how it could do this, I am unable to see.
……成神使那被成神者超乎自身之外(脫離自身);然而,若成神本身竟被包含在本性的界限之內,那麼它怎能如此,這一點我實在無法理解。
1:2030
Ὑπέρ φύσιν τοίνυν καί ἀρετήν καί γνῶσιν ἡ τῆς θεώσεως χάρις καί ἀπείρως τά τοιαῦθ ἅπαντα κατά τόν ἅγιον Μάξιμον ταύτης ἀποδεῖ˙ ἀρετή μέν γάρ πᾶσα καί ἡ ἐφ ἡμῖν τοῦ Θεοῦ μίμησις πρός τήν θείαν ἕνωσιν ἐπιτήδειον ποιεῖται τόν κεκτημένον, ἡ δέ χάρις αὐτήν τελετουργεῖ τήν ἀπόρρητον ἕνωσιν˙ δι αὐτῆς γάρ ὅλος μέν ὅλοις τοῖς ἀξίοις ὁ Θεός περιχωρεῖ, ὅλῳ δέ ὅλοι περιχωροῦσιν ὁλικῶς οἱ ἅγιοι τῷ Θεῷ, ὅλον ἀντιλαβόντες ἑαυτῶν τόν Θεόν καί τῆς πρός αὐτόν ἀναβάσεως οἷον ἔπαθλον αὐτόν μόνον κτησάμενοι τόν Θεόν, ψυχῆς πρός σῶμα περιφύντα τρόπον, ὡς οἰκείοις μέλεσι, καί ἐν αὐτῷ εἶναι καταξιώσαντα διά τῆς ἐνυποστάτου κατά δωρεάν καί χάριν τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος υἱοθεσίας
The grace of deification, therefore, is above nature, above virtue, and above knowledge, and, according to the holy Maximus, all such things fall infinitely short of it; for every virtue, and the imitation of God that lies within our power, renders the one who possesses it fit for divine union, but it is grace that accomplishes this ineffable union itself; for through it, God in his entirety indwells all the worthy in their entirety, and the saints in their entirety indwell God in his entirety, having received God whole as their own possession, and having acquired, as it were, the very prize of their ascent to him — God alone — who has embraced them after the manner of soul clinging to body, as his own members, and has deigned to be in them through the enhypostatic sonship given by the gift and grace of the Holy Spirit.
因此,成神的恩典是超越本性、超越德行、也超越知識的;按照聖馬克西姆所說,這一切在成神面前都無限不足。因為一切德行,以及我們力所能及對神的模仿,都只能使擁有它的人變得適合與神聯合,然而真正成就這奧祕聯合本身的,卻是恩典;因為藉著這恩典,神完全地、以其整全遍在於一切配得之人中,聖徒們也完全地、以其整全遍在於神之中;他們領受了完整的神作為自己所有,並且彷彿把神本身——僅僅是神——當作他們向上攀升的獎賞而獲得;而神則以靈魂依附於身體的方式,如同對待自己的肢體一般,擁抱他們,並藉著聖靈那具位性的、按恩賜與恩典所賜的義子名份,屈尊居於他們之中。
1:2031
Ὅταν οὖν ἀκούσῃς ἐνδημεῖν ἡμῖν διά τῶν ἀρετῶν τόν Θεόν ἤ διά τῆς μνήμης ἐνιδρυμένον ἔχειν τοῦτον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, μή τοῦθ ἁπλῶς νόμιζε θέωσιν, τήν τῶν ἀρετῶν κτῆσιν, ἀλλά τήν δι ἀρετῶν προσγινομένην τοῦ Θεοῦ λαμπρότητα καί χάριν, καθάπερ καί ὁ μέγας φησί Βασίλειος, ὅτι ψυχή τάς φυσικάς ὁρμάς οἰκείᾳ τε ἀσκήσει καί τῇ βοηθείᾳ τοῦ Πνεύματος συναυξήσασα, ἀξία γίνεται ἐν τῇ δικαίᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ κρίσει τῆς χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ διδομένης λαμπρότητος τοῖς ἁγίοις
So when you hear that God dwells among us through the virtues, or that He is established within us through remembrance, do not simply reckon this — the acquisition of the virtues — to be deification, but rather the brightness and grace of God that accrues through the virtues, just as the great Basil also says: that the soul, having increased its natural impulses together with its own ascetic effort and the help of the Spirit, becomes worthy, in the righteous judgment of God, of the brightness given by the grace of God to the saints.
所以,當你聽到神藉著德行寓居在我們中間,或說祂藉著記念而在我們裡面立定根基時,切莫把這——德行的獲得——簡單地當作成神,而要把神藉德行而生的光輝與恩典當作成神;正如大巴西流所說:靈魂藉自己的修煉並聖靈的幫助,使其天然的衝動一同增長,就在神公義的審判中,配得神藉恩典賜給聖徒的那光輝。
1:2032
Ὅτι δέ φῶς ἡ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ διδομένη λαμπρότης, μαθήσῃ παρά τοῦ λέγοντος, φῶς ἡ ἐκεῖθεν λαμπρότης τοῖς ἐνταῦθα κεκαθαρμένοις, ἡνίκ ἄν ἐκλάμψωσιν οἱ δίκαιοι ὡς ὁ ἥλιος, ὧν ἵσταται ὁ Θεός ἐν μέσῳ, θεῶν ὄντων καί βασιλέων, διαστέλλων καί διαιρῶν τάς ἀξίας τῆς ἐκεῖθεν μακαριότητος
That the brightness given by the grace of God is light, you will learn from him who says: 'The brightness from thence is light for those purified here below, at the time when the righteous shall shine forth as the sun' — those in whose midst God stands, they being gods and kings, distinguishing and apportioning the degrees of that blessedness from thence.
至於神藉恩典所賜的光輝即是光這一點,你可以從這位說話者那裡明白:「那從彼處而來的光輝,對此地已被潔淨的人而言就是光,就是義人要如太陽發光的時候」;神站在他們中間,他們就是神明與君王,神在其中區分並劃分那從彼處而來之福樂的等級。
1:2033
Ὅτι δέ ὑπερουράνιόν ἐστι τοῦτο καί ὑπερκόσμιον, οὐδείς ἀντερεῖ˙ οὔκουν ὅστις, τό ὑπερουράνιον, φησί, φῶς ἐν ταῖς τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἐπαγγελίαις ἐκδέχεται, περί οὗ καί Σολομών λέγει, ( σελ
That this is supracelestial and supramundane, no one will gainsay; therefore whoever, he says, awaits the supracelestial light in the promises of good things — concerning which Solomon also says, (page…
至於這光是超乎諸天、超乎世間的,無人會反駁;所以凡是——他說——在美善之事的應許中期待那超乎諸天之光的人……論到這光,所羅門也說:(頁
1:2034
) φῶς δικαίοις διαπαντός˙ καί ὁ ἀπόστολος, εὐχαριστοῦντες τῷ Θεῷ τῷ ἱκανώσαντι ἡμᾶς ἐν τῇ μερίδι τοῦ κλήρου τῶν ἁγίων ἐν τῷ φωτί
…) light is for the righteous continually; and the apostle: 'giving thanks to the Father, who has made us fit for a share of the portion of the saints in light.'
……)光常為義人存留;使徒也說:「感謝父,使我們配得在光中同得聖徒基業的一分。」
1:2035
Οὐ μήν ἀλλά καί διά σπουδῆς καί μελέτης ἐγγίνεσθαί τῳ σοφίαν λέγοντες, οὐκ αὐτό τοῦτο τήν σπουδήν ἤ τήν μελέτην σοφίαν φαμέν, ἀλλά τό δι αὐτῶν προσγενόμενον
Yet indeed, even when we say that wisdom comes to be present in someone through diligence and practice, we do not call this very diligence or practice itself wisdom, but rather that which accrues through them
然而,正如我們說智慧是藉勤勉與操練而生於人身上一樣,我們並不是把這勤勉或操練本身稱為智慧,而是把藉由它們所獲得的那結果稱為智慧
1:2036
σπουδαίοις, ἑτέρως δέ θεοῖς ἤδη γεγονόσιν
…for the earnest — but otherwise for those who have already become gods.
……對勤勉者是如此——但對已經成為神明的人,情形則不同。
1:2037
Ἀλλά καί κατ αὐτήν τήν θείαν ἐποψίαν πολλαί διαφοραί˙ καί τοῖς προφήταις γάρ, τῷ μέν ὄναρ, τῷ δ ὕπαρ, δι αἰνιγμάτων μέντοι καί ἐσόπτρων, τῷ δέ Μωϋσῆς ἐν εἴδει καί οὐ δι αἰνιγμάτων ὤφθη
But even with respect to the divine vision itself there are many differences; for to the prophets — to one in a dream, to another while awake — [God appeared] yet through riddles and mirrors; but to Moses He appeared in visible form and not through riddles.
然而即使在神聖的觀看本身之中,也有許多差異;因為對先知而言,神向一位在夢中顯現,向另一位在清醒時顯現,然而都是藉著隱謎和鏡像;但對摩西,神卻是以形貌顯現,並非藉著隱謎。
1:2038
Θεοῦ δέ ὅρασιν ἀκούων ἐν εἴδει καί οὐ δι αἰνιγμάτων ἀναμνήσθητι τοῦ λέγοντος, θέωσιν, τήν κατ εἶδος ἐνυπόστατον ἔλλαμψιν, ἥτις οὐκ ἔχει γένεσιν, ἀλλ ἀνεπινόητον ἐν τοῖς ἀξίοις φανέρωσιν, καί τήν ὑπέρ νοῦν καί λόγον ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τῶν ὄντων αἰῶνι μυστικήν ἕνωσιν πρός τόν Θεόν, καθ ἥν τό φῶς τῆς ἀφανοῦς καί ὑπεραρρήτου δόξης οἱ ἅγιοι ἐποπτεύοντες, τῆς μακαρίας μετά τῶν ἄνω δυνάμεων καί αὐτοί δεκτικοί γίνονται καθαρότητος, καί τήν τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καί Πατρός ἐπίκλησιν, σύμβολον οὖσαν τῆς ἐνυποστάτου τε καί ἐνυπάρκτου κατά δωρεάν καί χάριν τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος υἱοθεσίας, καθ ἥν τῇ ἐπιφοιτήσει τῆς χάριτος υἱοί Θεοῦ χρηματίζουσί τε καί ἔσονται πάντες οἱ ἅγιοι
But when you hear of a vision of God 'in form and not through riddles,' call to mind him who speaks of deification: the personally-subsisting illumination according to form, which has no coming-into-being but is an inconceivable manifestation among the worthy; and the mystical union with God, above mind and reason, in the incorruptible age of beings, according to which the saints, beholding the light of the unseen and super-ineffable glory, themselves also become recipients of that blessed purity together with the powers above; and [call to mind] the invocation of the great God and Father, which is a symbol of the personally-subsisting and really-existing adoption given by the gift and grace of the Holy Spirit, according to which, by the visitation of grace, all the saints are called, and shall be, sons of God.
但當你聽到「神的異象是以形貌顯現、並非藉著隱謎」時,當記起那說到「成神」的人所指的:即那按形貌而具位格的照耀,它沒有起源,卻是在配得之人中不可思議的顯現;以及那超乎心智與言語、在存有者不朽的世代中與神的奧祕合一,聖徒藉此觀照那不可見、超乎言表之榮耀的光,自己也與天上諸能者一同成為那蒙福之純潔的領受者;以及對偉大之神與父的稱呼——這稱呼是那憑聖靈的恩賜與恩典而具位格、真實存在之義子名分的表記,聖徒藉此在恩典的降臨中被稱為、也將成為神的眾子。
1:2039
Τοῦτο τοίνυν ὁ μέγας Διονύσιος, ἀλλαχοῦ μέν ἀρχίφωτον ἀκτῖνα καί θεουργικόν καλέσας φῶς, ἐνταῦθα δέ θεοποιόν δῶρον καί ἀρχήν θεότητος, δηλαδή θεώσεως, πρός τόν ἐρωτήσαντα πῶς ὑπέρ θεαρχίαν, τουτέστιν ὑπέρ ἀρχήν θεότητος, ὑπάρχει Θεός, ἀποκρινόμενός φησιν, ὡς εἰ Θεόν ( σελ
This, then, the great Dionysius — having elsewhere called it 'the source-originating ray' and 'theurgic light,' but here 'the deifying gift' and 'the beginning of divinity,' that is, of deification — [says] in answering the one who asked how God exists 'above the source of divinity' (theurgy's principle), that is, above the beginning of divinity, replying: as if 'God,' (page…
這一點,偉大的狄奧尼修斯——他在別處稱之為「肇光之光」與「神顯的光」,而在此處稱之為「成神的恩賜」與「神性的開端」,也就是成神——在回答那問「神何以超乎神原(θεαρχία),即超乎神性的開端」之人的問題時,回答說:彷彿「神」(頁
1:2040
) ἀκούων ὁρώμενον ἐν εἴδει καί οὐ δι αἰνιγμάτων, καί ψυχῆς πρός σῶμα τρόπον τοῖς ἀξίοις ὡς οἰκείοις μέλεσι περιφυόμενον καί κατά τοσοῦτον ἑνούμενον αὐτοῖς ὡς ὅλον μέν αὐτόν περιχωρεῖν ἐκείνοις ὅλοις, ὅλους δέ αὐτούς αὖθις ὁλικῶς ἐκείνῳ, καί Πνεῦμα δι υἱοῦ πλουσίως ἐφ ἡμᾶς χεόμενον, ἀλλ οὐ κτιζόμενον, καί ματαλαμβανόμενον ἡμῖν καί δι ἡμῶν λαλοῦν, ταῦτα τοίνυν ἀκούων, εἰ μή κατά τήν ὑπερούσιον οὐσίαν νομίσεις ὁρᾶσθαι τόν Θεόν, ἀλλά κατά τήν θεοποιόν δωρεάν τε καί ἐνέργειαν αὐτοῦ, τήν χάριν τῆς υἱοθεσίας, τήν ἀγένητον θέωσιν, τήν κατ εἶδος ἐνυπόστατον ἔλλαμψιν, εἰ τοῦτο νοήσεις θεότητος ἀρχήν, τό θεοποιόν δῶρον, τό μετεχόμενον καί ὁρώμενον ὑπερφυῶς, ὑπέρ τήν ἀρχήν ταύτην ἐστίν ἡ ὑπεράρχιος οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ
…) hearing that [God] is seen in form and not through riddles; and, in the manner of soul with body, is engrafted upon the worthy as upon its own members, and is united with them to such a degree that He wholly interpenetrates them wholly, and they in turn wholly interpenetrate Him wholly; and [hearing that] the Spirit, through the Son, is poured richly upon us — yet not created — and is received by us and speaks through us: hearing these things, then, do not suppose that God is seen according to the supra-essential essence, but according to His deifying gift and energy — the grace of adoption, the unoriginate deification, the personally-subsisting illumination according to form. If you understand this to be 'the beginning of divinity' — the deifying gift, that which is participated in and seen in a manner beyond nature — then above this beginning is the essence of God that is beyond every beginning.
……)聽見神被以形貌觀見,並非藉隱謎;又聽見祂如靈魂與身體的樣式,如自己的肢體般附著在配得之人身上,且與他們合一到如此地步,以致祂整全地互滲於他們整全之中,他們也反過來整全地互滲於祂整全之中;又聽見聖靈藉著子豐富地澆灌在我們身上——卻非受造——並被我們所領受、藉我們說話:所以,你聽見這些話時,不要以為神是照著那超本質的本質被觀見,而是照著祂那成神的恩賜與能力運作——即義子名分的恩典、非受生的成神、按形貌而具位格的照耀——被觀見。若你把這理解為「神性的開端」,即那成神的恩賜,那被分有並以超乎本性的方式被觀見的,那麼在此開端之上,還有神那超乎一切開端的本質。
1:2041
Ἐκείνη μέν γάρ σχέσις, εἰ καί μή φυσική, καί ἄσχετος, οὐχ ὡς ὑπερφυής μόνον, ἀλλά καί ὡς σχέσις˙ πῶς γάρ ἡ σχέσις σχέσιν αὖθις ἕξει;
For that [gift] is indeed a relation, even if not a natural one — and yet it is one to which no [further] relation attaches, not only as being supra-natural, but also precisely as being a relation; for how could a relation in turn have a relation?
因為那恩賜誠然是一種關係,縱使不是本性上的關係;然而它卻是無可再有關係附加其上的——這不僅是因為它超乎本性,也是因為它本身即是關係之故;因為關係又怎能再有另一個關係呢?
1:2042
Ἡ δέ οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐχ ὡς σχέσις ἄσχετος, ἀλλ ὡς καί αὐτῶν τῶν ὑπερφυῶν σχέσεων ἐπέκεινα
But the essence of God is not one to which no [further] relation attaches in the manner that a relation is, but rather it is beyond even these supra-natural relations themselves.
而神的本質並非如關係一般是無可再有關係附加其上的,而是超乎那些超本性的關係本身。
1:2043
Κἀκείνης μέν ἑκάστῳ τῶν ἠξιωμένων οἰκείως τε καί καταλλήλως πᾶσι μέτεστιν˙ ἡ δέ οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ καί πάντων τῶν μεθεκτῶν ὑπερεξῄρηται
And of that [energy] each of those deemed worthy partakes, fittingly and proportionately for all; but the essence of God is exalted above all things that can be participated in.
而那能力運作是每一個蒙恩者都按其相稱與相宜的程度所分有的;但神的本質則超越一切可分有之物。
1:2044
Ὁ δέ τό θεοποιόν δῶρον ἕξιν λέγων τελειωτικήν τῆς λογικῆς φύσεως ἀπό τῆς πρώτης διακοσμήσεως ἀρχομένην καί τοῖς ἐσχάτοις τῶν λογικῶν περατουμένην, καί τῷ τοῦ Χριστοῦ εὐγγελίῳ δῆλός ἐστιν ἀντιταττόμενος
But he who says that the deifying gift is a habit perfective of rational nature, beginning from the first order [of beings] and terminating in the lowest of rational beings, is clearly setting himself against the Gospel of Christ.
而那說「成神的恩賜」乃是一種使理性本性臻於完美的稟性、始於受造秩序中最高的等級、終於理性受造物中最低者的人,顯然是在與基督的福音對立。
1:2045
Εἰ γάρ ἡ θέωσις τελειοῖ τήν λογικήν φύσιν, ἀλλ οὐχ ὑπέρ ταύτην ποιεῖται τούς θεοειδεῖς, ἕξις οὖσα τῆς λογικῆς φύσεως, ὡς ἐκ φυσικῆς δυνάμεως προελθούσης εἰς ἐνέργειαν, οὐχ ὑπέρ φύσιν γίνονται οἱ ἅγιοι θεούμενοι, οὐδ ἐκ Θεοῦ γεννῶνται, οὐδέ Πνεῦμά εἰσιν, ὡς ἐκ Πνεύματος γεγεννημένοι, οὐδέ μόνοις τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τό ὄνομα αὐτοῦ τέκνα Θεοῦ γεννέσθαι ὁ Χριστός ἐξουσίαν ἔδωκεν ἐπιδημήσας˙ καί πρό τῆς ἐπιδημίας γάρ αὐτοῦ πᾶσιν ἐνυπῆρχεν ἔθνεσιν, εἴτε ( σελ
For if deification perfects rational nature, but does not make those who are godlike surpass it — being a habit of rational nature, as having proceeded from a natural potency into energy — then the saints who are deified do not become [something] above nature, nor are they begotten of God, nor are they spirit, as having been begotten of the Spirit; nor did Christ, having come to dwell among us, give the power that children of God be begotten only to those who believe in His name — for even before His coming this [habit] already existed in all the nations, whether (page…
因為若成神只是使理性本性臻於完美,卻不使那具神似之形者超越此本性——即它只是理性本性的一種稟性,如同從本性的潛能進到了能力運作(ἐνέργεια)——那麼那些被成神的聖徒就不會超乎本性,也不是從神所生,也不是靈,如同從聖靈所生者一般;基督降臨,也並非只把「使信祂名的人得以被生為神的兒女」這權柄賜給信徒;因為在祂降臨之前,這稟性早已存在於萬邦之中,無論是(頁
1:2046
) φυσικῶς ἔνεστι τῇ λογικῇ ψυχῇ, καί νῦν τοῖς νῦν δυσσεβέσι τε καί ἀσεβέσιν ἅπασιν
…) it exists naturally in the rational soul, and now also in all those who are today impious and ungodly.
……)它天然地存在於理性靈魂之中,如今在一切不虔敬與不敬神的人身上也是如此。
1:2047
Ἔτι, εἴπερ ἡ θέωσις ἕξις ἐτί τελειωτική τῆς λογικῆς φύσεως, οἱ Ἕλληνες λογικοί τελείως οὐκ ἦσαν, ἀλλ οὐδ οἱ ἐκπεσόντες ἄγγελοι˙ τοιγαροῦν οὐ κακῶς τῇ γνώσει χρῶνται, τῆς δέ κατ αὐτήν φυσικῆς ἕξεως ἐστέρηνται
Furthermore, if deification is indeed a habit perfective of rational nature, then the Greeks were not perfectly rational, nor were the fallen angels; therefore they do not misuse knowledge, but rather they have been deprived of the natural habit corresponding to it.
再者,若成神真是使理性本性臻於完美的一種稟性,那麼希臘人就不是完全理性的,墮落的天使也不是;如此一來,他們就不是惡用了知識,而只是缺乏與此相應的天然稟性。
1:2048
Πῶς οὖν δικαίως ὑπεύθυνοι;
How, then, are they justly held accountable?
那麼他們又怎能公正地被追究責任呢?
1:2049
Καί μήν οὐκ ε ἶναι μᾶλλον οὐσίας οὐσίαν καί οἱ ἔξω φασί σοφοί
And indeed, even the sages outside [the Church] say that one essence is not 'more' than another essence.
而且,就連教外的哲士們也說:本質並不比本質「更」多。
1:2050
Πῶς οὖν ἄγγελοι ἀγγέλων λογικοῖ μᾶλλον ἤ ψυχή ψυχῆς;
How then are angels more rational than [other] angels, or one soul more [rational] than another soul?
那麼天使又怎能比天使更具理性,或靈魂怎能比靈魂更具理性呢?
1:2051
Οἱ γάρ ἀτελεῖς τήν ἡλικίαν οὐκ ἐν τῇ φύσει τῆς ψυχῆς, ἀλλ ἐν τῇ τοῦ σώματος ἔχουσι τό ἀτελές
For those who are imperfect in age have their imperfection not in the nature of the soul, but in that of the body.
因為那些年歲未臻成熟者,其不完全並非在靈魂的本性之中,而是在身體的本性之中。
1:2052
Ἆρ οὖν θέωσις ἡ τό φρονεῖν διδοῦσα ἡλικία;
Is, then, deification the maturity of age that gives the power to think?
那麼,成神豈是那賦予人思慮能力的年歲成熟嗎?
1:2053
Ἆρ οὖν θέωσις ἡ τελεστική πρός αὐφυΐαν κρᾶσις;
Is, then, deification the bodily temperament that brings [one] to completion toward a good natural constitution?
那麼,成神豈是那使人趨於天賦優良之體質的體質調配嗎?
1:2054
γνῶσιν οὐ μόνον Θεοῦ δῶρο, ἀλλά καί τελειωτικήν τῆς λογικῆς φύσεως ἕξιν, οὐ δῶρον δέ θεοποιόν, οὐ γάρ ὑπερφυές, ἐκείνου ὄντος ὑπέρ φύσιν
…[he calls] knowledge not only a gift of God, but also a habit perfective of rational nature — yet not a deifying gift, for it is not supra-natural, whereas that [deifying gift] is above nature.
……〔他稱〕知識不僅是神的恩賜,也是使理性本性臻於完美的稟性,卻不是成神的恩賜,因為它並非超乎本性,而那〔成神的恩賜〕卻是超乎本性的。
1:2055
Εἶεν δ ἄν καί πάντες, οἱ μέν μᾶλλον οἱ δ ἧττον, θεοί δ ὅμως ἁπαξάπαντες ἄνθρωποι καί ἄγγελοι˙ ἀεί δέ ἀτελεῖς θεοί καί ἡμίθεοι τό δαιμόνιον φῦλον
Then all would be — some more, some less — yet all alike gods, both men and angels; while the race of demons would be ever-imperfect gods and demigods.
如此一來,所有人與天使便都會是神明——有的多些,有的少些,但終究人人皆是神明;而那魔類之族則永遠是不完全的神明與半神。
1:2056
Οὐκ ἄρα θέωσις ἤ ἕξις αὕτη˙ ἥτις γάρ ποτ ἄν εἴη τελιωτική τῆς λογικῆς φύσεως ἕξις, εἴτε γνῶσις, εἴτε κρᾶσις, εἴτε εὐφυΐα σώματός τε καί ψυχῆς, θύραθεν ἤ οἴκοθεν προσγινομένη, λογικούς ἀκριβῶς οἷς ἄν ἐπιγένοιτο τελέσειεν, ἀλλ οὐχί καί θεούς
Therefore this habit is not deification; for whatever habit perfective of rational nature there might be — whether knowledge, or bodily temperament, or good natural constitution of body and soul, coming to be either from without or from within — would make those in whom it arises precisely rational, but not gods as well.
由此可見,這稟性並非成神;因為任何使理性本性臻於完美的稟性,無論是知識、體質,或身心的天賦優良,無論是由外而來或由內而生,都只會使其所加諸者成為真正理性之人,卻不能使他們成為神明。
1:2057
Ἀλλά γάρ, ὅπερ ἀνωτέρω δέδεικται, τήν μέν ἐκ πίστεως εἰς ἐνέργειαν προβᾶσαν υἱοθεσίαν καί τήν θεοποιόν δωρεάν ταύτην οἱ ἅγιοι σαφῶς ἐνυπόστατόν φασιν˙ οὗτος δέ τήν θεομιμησίαν ἥν θεαρχίαν καί θεοποιόν δῶρον μόνος ἁπάντων ὑπενόησεν, οὐκ ἐνυπόστατον εἶναι διισχυρίζεται˙ τοιγαροῦν ἑτέρα ἐστί παρά τήν τοῖς πατράσιν ἐγγεγενημένην τε (σελ
But rather, as has been shown above, the saints clearly say that the adoption which has advanced from faith into energy, and this deifying gift, are personally-subsisting; but this man alone of all has surmised that the imitation of God, which he [calls] the divine principle and deifying gift, is not personally-subsisting, and insists on this; therefore it is other than that [gift] which has been engendered in the fathers and (page…
然而,正如前文已指明的,聖徒們明白宣稱:那從信仰進到能力運作(ἐνέργεια)的義子名分,以及這成神的恩賜,都是具位格的;但此人〔指那位哲學家〕卻獨排眾議,臆測那模仿神——他稱之為神原(θεαρχία)與成神的恩賜——並非具位格,並堅稱如此;因此,這與已生於教父們心中的那恩賜(頁
1:2058
Μάξιμος δέ ὁ θεῖος οὐκ ἀνυπόστατον μόνον εἶπε ταύτην, ἀλλά καί ἀγένητον, καί οὐκ ἄκτιστον μόνον, ἀλλά καί ἀπερίγραπτον καί ὑπέρχρονον, ὡς καί τούς αὐτῆς εὐμοιρηκότας δι αὐτήν ἀκτίστους, ἀνάρχους καί ἀπεριγράπτους τελέσαι, καίτοι διά τήν οἰκείαν φύσιν ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων γεγονότας
But the divine Maximus said that this [gift] is not only personally-subsisting, but also unoriginate; and not only uncreated, but also uncircumscribed and beyond time — such that it makes those who have obtained a share of it, by means of it, uncreated, without beginning, and uncircumscribed, even though by their own nature they have come to be out of non-being.
然而,神聖的馬克西姆卻說:這恩賜不僅是具位格的,更是非受生的;不僅是非受造的,更是不可限定、超乎時間的——以致那些因此恩賜而蒙分有的人,也藉此成為非受造、無始、不可限定的,儘管他們按自己的本性而言,原是從無而生成的。
1:2059
Οὗτος δέ, ἅ μή ἑώρακεν ἐμβατεύων, κτιστήν καί φυσικήν καί ὑπό χρόνον ἰσχυρίζεται τήν θέωσιν εἶναι, σαφῶς παρ ἑαυτοῦ δημιουργῶν αὐτήν, ἀφ ἧς καί τόν Θεόν δῆλός ἐστιν εἰς κτίσμα κατασπῶν
But this man, intruding into things he has not seen, insists that deification is created and natural and subject to time — clearly fashioning it out of himself — from which it is evident that he drags God down into a creature.
但此人,擅自闖入他未曾親見之事,卻堅稱成神是受造的、屬本性的、受制於時間的——顯然是憑己意杜撰出這說法——由此可見,他明顯是把神拖拽到受造物之中。
1:2060
Ἡ μέν γάρ θέωσις κατά τούς πατέρας οὐσιώδης ἐστίν ἐνέργεια Θεοῦ˙ ἧς δέ οὐσίας αἱ οὐσιώδεις ἐνέργειαι κτισταί, κτιστή καί αὕτη ἐξ ἀνάγκης
For deification, according to the fathers, is an essential energy of God; but that essence whose essential energies are created is itself, of necessity, created as well.
因為按教父的教導,成神乃是神本質性的能力運作;而若某本質的本質性能力運作是受造的,那麼此本質本身也必然是受造的。
1:2061
Ταύτῃ δέ τῇ ἀτοπίᾳ πολυτρόπως ἄν τις ἴδοι καί πολλάκις τόν ταλαίπωρον τοῦτο περιπίπτοντα˙ οὐτ γάρ ἐρυθριᾷ πάσας τάς ἐμφύτους τοῦ Θεοῦ δυνάμεις τε καί ἐνεργείας κτιστάς ἀποφαινόμενος, καίτοι ναόν Θεοῦ ζῶντος τῶν ἁγίων ἕκαστον εἶναι πεπιστεύκαμεν διά τήν ἐνοικοῦσαν χάριν
One may see this wretched man falling into this absurdity in many ways and often; for he does not even blush to declare that all the innate powers and energies of God are created, even though we have believed each of the saints to be a temple of the living God, on account of the grace dwelling within.
這種荒謬,我們可以在多方面、屢屢見到這可憐人陷入其中;因為他毫不臉紅地宣稱神一切內具的能力與能力運作皆屬受造,儘管我們一向相信每一位聖徒都因那內住的恩典而成為永生神的殿。
1:2062
Πῶς οὖν ναός Θεοῦ τό τοῦ κτίσματος οἰκητήριον;
How then is the dwelling-place of a creature [called] the temple of God?
那麼,一個受造物的居所,又怎能是神的殿呢?
1:2063
Πῶς δέ τούτων ἕκαστος ἄκτιστος διά τήν χάριν, εἰ κτιστή;
And how is each of these [saints] uncreated on account of the grace, if that grace is created?
又,若那恩典是受造的,這些聖徒中的每一位又怎能因這恩典而成為非受造的呢?
1:2064
Ἐκεῖνο δέ μοι καί λίαν θαυμάζειν ἔπεισι, πῶς καί αὐτός θεουργικόν λέγων ὑπό τῶν πατέρων καλεῖσθαι τό ἐν τῷ Θαβωρίῳ λάμψαν φῶς, εἶτ αὐτός θεοποιόν δῶρον τοῦτο λέγειν οὐκ ἀνέχεται
But this too moves me to great wonder: how he himself, while saying that the light which shone on Tabor is called 'theurgic' by the fathers, then cannot himself bear to call it a 'deifying gift.'
而這一點尤其令我大感驚異:他自己一方面說教父們稱那在他泊山上閃耀的光為「神顯的」(θεουργικόν),另一方面卻又不能容忍稱這光為「成神的恩賜」。
1:2065
Οὐ μήν ἀλλ ἐπειδή ἡ θεοποιός δωρεά τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐνέργειά ἐστι Θεοῦ, ὁ δέ Θεός ἀπό τῶν ἐνεργειῶν ἔχει τάς ἐπωνυμίας, ( ἡ γάρ ὑπερουσιότης ἀνώνυμός ἐστιν αὐτοῦ, εἴπερ ἐξ ἀρετῆς μόνης καί σοφίας ἡ θέωσις ὑπῆρχεν) οὐκ ἄν Θεός ὡς ἔχων θεοποιόν ἐνέργειαν ἐκαλεῖτο ὁ Θεός, τῆς σοφίας καί ἀρετῆς ταύτην αὐτοῦ δήλην ποιούσης τήν ἐνέργειαν, ἀλλ οὐδ ἄν ὑπέρθεος ἤκουεν, ὡς ταύτης τῆς θεότητος ἐπέκεινα ὑπάρχων˙ ἀπέχρησε γάρ ἄν αὐτῷ ὑπέρσοφον καί ὑπεράγαθον καί ( σελ
Yet indeed, since the deifying gift of the Spirit is an energy of God, and God has His names from the energies (for His supra-essentiality is nameless) — if deification existed from virtue and wisdom alone, God would not be called 'God' as having a deifying energy, since it would be wisdom and virtue that make this energy of His manifest; nor again would He be called 'super-God,' as existing beyond this divinity — for it would have sufficed for Him [to be called] 'super-wise' and 'super-good,' and (page…
然而,既然聖靈的成神恩賜正是神的能力運作,而神又是從其諸般能力運作而得諸名(因為祂那超本質性本身是無名的)——那麼,若成神只是單單出於德行與智慧而已,神就不會因擁有成神的能力運作而被稱為「神」,因為如此一來,是智慧與德行使祂這能力運作顯明;祂也不會被稱為「超神」,彷彿超乎此神性之上一般——因為那樣,稱祂為「超智」、「超善」便已足夠,且(頁
1:2066
Τοιγαροῦν ἄλλο πρά τήν ἀρετήν καί τήν σοφίαν ἡ χάρις καί ἡ ἐνέργεια τῆς θεώσεώς ἐστι
Therefore the grace and the energy of deification is something other than virtue and wisdom.
由此可見,成神的恩典與能力運作,是有別於德行與智慧的另一回事。
1:2067
Τῶν τοῦ καλοῦ τοίνυν Βαρλαάμ εἰς ἡμᾶς λοιδοριῶν ἀλογήσαντες ( οὐ γάρ εἰς ἡμᾶς, ἀλλ εἰς τούς πατέρας ἀναφέρονται˙ τούτων γάρ εἰσι τά ὑβρισμένα δόγματα, μᾶλλον δέ οὐδέ ἐκεῖνων ἅπτεται˙ πτύων γάρ τις, ὅ φασιν, εἰς οὐρανόν, οὐ τόν οὐρανόν ἀλλ ἑαυτόν ποιεῖ κατάπτυστον)˙ οὐκοῦν ἡμεῖς παρ οὐδέν τάς βδελυράς ταύτας βλασφημίας ἡγησάμενοι, ὡσανεί διαπορητικῶς ἤρετο, τί ποτ ἄρα θέωσίς ἐστιν, ἀποκρινούμεθα πρός τοῦτο κατά τήν ἐπιμετρηθεῖσαν ἡμῖν παρά Κυρίου δύναμιν
Now, taking no account of the fine Barlaam's abuses against us (for they are not directed against us but refer to the fathers; it is their doctrines that have been insulted — or rather, they do not even touch them, for one who spits, as the saying goes, at heaven, does not make heaven but himself worthy of spitting-upon) — we, then, reckoning these loathsome blasphemies as nothing, and as though he had asked, in a spirit of perplexed inquiry, what deification actually is, will answer this according to the power measured out to us by the Lord.
至於這位「高尚的」巴拉姆對我們的種種辱罵,我們姑且置之不理(因為那些辱罵並非針對我們,而是指向教父們,被侮辱的乃是他們的教義;甚或說,其實連教父們也未曾被觸及——因為正如俗語所說,向天吐唾沫的人,弄髒的不是天,而是自己);所以,我們把這些可憎的褻瀆之言視若無物,就彷彿他是懷著疑惑發問「成神究竟是什麼」一般,依照主所賜予、按量分給我們的能力,來回答這個問題。
1:2068
Ἐνέργειαν Θεοῦ θεοποιόν, ὦ βέλτιστε, ἀκούων καί Πνεύματος χάριν θεουργόν, μή πολυπραγμόνει, μηδέ ζήτει, πῶς μέν τοῦτο, πῶς δ ἐκεῖνο, πῶς δέ μή, καί ταῦτα ταύτης ἄνευ μή γενήσεσθαι μέλλων ἐν Θεῷ, κατά τούς περί αὐτῆς εἰπόντας, ἀλλά τῶν ἔργων ἔχου δι ὧν ἐκείνης τεύξῃ˙ τότε γάρ καί ταύτην εἴσῃ κατά τό ἐγχωροῦν˙ μόνος γάρ ὁ πείρᾳ μαθών οἶδε τάς ἐνεργείας τοῦ Πνεύματος, κατά τόν μέγαν Βασίλειον
When you hear, O best of men, of a deifying energy of God and a theurgic grace of the Spirit, do not be over-curious, nor seek 'how this,' 'how that,' 'and how not this' — this while you yourself, according to those who have spoken concerning it, are destined not to come to be in God without it — but rather hold fast to the works through which you will attain to it; for then you will also know it, so far as is possible; for only he who has learned by experience knows the energies of the Spirit, according to the great Basil.
至善的朋友啊,當你聽聞神那成神的能力運作,以及聖靈那神顯的恩典時,切莫過度探究,也不要追問「這是如何」、「那是如何」、「又為何不是如此」——尤其是你自己,按那些論及此事者所言,若無此恩典,便不能成就在神裡面——反倒要持守能使你達致此恩典的種種善工;因為到那時,你才會照著所能容許的程度認識它;因為唯有藉經歷習得的人,才真正認識聖靈的能力運作,正如大巴西流所說。
1:2069
Μή πολυπραγμόνει τοίνυν, ἀλλ ἕπου τοῖς πεπειραμένοις, μάλιστα μέν ἔργοις, εἰ δέ μή τούτοις, τοῖς λόγοις γοῦν, ἀρκούμενος ταῖς παραδειγματικαῖς ἐκφάνσεσιν αὐτῆς˙ ἡ γάρ θέωσις ὑπερώνυμος
Do not, then, be over-curious, but follow those who have experience — chiefly in deeds, but if not in these, then at least in words — content with the illustrative manifestations of it; for deification is beyond all naming.
所以不要過度探究,只管追隨那些有經歷之人——最好是效法他們的行為,若不能如此,至少效法他們的言語——滿足於成神的種種例示性顯現即可;因為成神本是超乎一切名稱所能盡述的。
1:2070
Διό καί ἡμεῖς πολλά περί ἡσυχίας συγγραψάμενοι, νῦν μέν τῶν πατέρων προτρεψαμένων, νῦν δέ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αἰτησαμένων, οὐδαμοῦ περί θεώσεως ἀναγράψαι τεθαρρήκαμεν˙ νῦν δ ἐπείπερ ἀνάγκη λέγειν, ἐροῦμεν, εὐσεβῆ μέν τῇ ροῦ Κυρίου χάριτι, παραστῆσαι δέ οὐχ ἱκανά˙ καί λεγομένη γάρ ( σελ
Wherefore we too, having written much concerning stillness — sometimes at the urging of the fathers, sometimes at the request of the brothers — have nowhere ventured to write concerning deification; but now, since it is necessary to speak, we shall speak — things pious, by the grace of the Lord, but not adequate to set it forth fully; for even when spoken, (page…
因此,我們雖曾為靜修撰寫許多篇章——有時是應教父們的敦促,有時是應弟兄們的請求——卻從未敢就成神一事下筆論述;然而如今既有必要言說,我們便要說了:憑主的恩典,所言雖屬虔敬,卻不足以充分闡明此事;因為即便言說出來,(頁
1:2071
) ἄρρητος ἐκείνη μένει, μόνοις ἐνώνυμος, κατά τούς πατέρας φάναι, τοῖς εὐμοιρηκόσιν αὐτῆς
…) that [deification] remains ineffable, known by name only to those who, as the fathers say, have obtained a share of it.
……)那成神依然是不可言說的,正如教父所言,唯有那些親身蒙受此恩之人,才真正認識其名。
1:2072
Ἡ φύσει τοιγαροῦν θεότης, ἡ ἀρχή τῆς θεώσεως, ἐξ ἧς ὡς αἰτίας ἀμεθέκτου τό θεοῦσθαι τοῖς θεομένοις ἐστιν, αὕτη τοίνυν ἡ πάντων ἐπέκεινα θεαρχικωτάτη μακαριότης ἀόρατός ἐστι καθ ἑαυτήν αἰσθήσει τε καί νῷ, ἀσωμάτῳ τε καί σώματι συνδεδεμένῳ˙ κἄν ἐκστῇ ἑαυτοῦ τι τούτων ἐπί τό κρεῖττον θεωθέν˙ μόνῳ γάρ τῷ καθ ὑπόστασιν ἡνωμένῳ νῷ καί σώματι εἶναί τε καί γενέσθαι θεατή πιστεύεται, εἰ καί μή κατά τήν οἰκείαν φύσιν ἑαυτῶν
The divinity by nature, then — the source of deification, from which, as from an unparticipated cause, comes the being-deified of those who are deified — this, then, the blessedness beyond all things, most sovereignly originative of divinity, is in itself invisible both to sense and to mind, whether disembodied or bound to a body; even should one of these stand outside itself, deified unto something better, [it remains so]; for it is believed to be, and to become, visible only to a mind and body united according to hypostasis, though not according to their own proper nature.
那按本性而言的神性——即成神的根源,是那作為不可分有之因、使被成神者得以被成神的源頭——這超乎萬有、最為神原的福樂,就其自身而言,無論對感官或對心智,無論心智是無形的還是與身體相繫的,都是不可見的;即便其中之一超越自身、被成神而達於更高之境,情形依然如此;因為唯獨那按位格與神聯合的心智與身體,才被相信是、且能成為可見的,儘管這並非按它們自己本有的本性而言。
1:2073
Μόνα γάρ ἐκεῖνα παρουσίᾳ τοῦ χρίοντος ὅλου ἐθεώθησαν καί τήν ἴσην ἐνέργειαν τῇ θεούσῃ οὐσίᾳ προσελάβοντο, πᾶσαν αὐτήν ἐνελλιπῶς χωρήσαντα καί δι ἑαυτῶν ἐκφήναντα˙ καί γάρ ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ πᾶν τό πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος σωματικῶς κατά τόν ἀπόστολον οἰκεῖ
For those alone [Christ's mind and body] were deified by the presence of the whole of Him who anoints, and received the energy equal to the deifying essence, having contained it entirely without deficiency and manifested it through themselves; for indeed in Christ 'the whole fullness of divinity dwells bodily,' according to the apostle.
因為唯獨那〔基督的心智與身體〕因那受膏者全然的臨在而被成神,並領受了與那使人成神之本質相等的能力運作,毫無虧缺地全然容納,並藉自身將其彰顯;因為正如使徒所言,在基督裡,「神性的一切豐盛都是有形有體地居住」。
1:2074
Διό καί τῶν ἁγίων εἰσίν οἵ μετά τήν διά σαρκός τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιδημίαν οἷόν τι πέλαγος ἀπεριόριστον τό φῶς ἐκεῖνο εἶδον, ἐξ ἑνός δίσκου, τοῦ προσκυνητοῦ δηλονότι σώματος, παραδόξως προχεόμενον, ὡς καί οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἐπί τοῦ ὄρους
Wherefore also there are among the saints those who, after the coming of God in the flesh, saw that light as a kind of boundless sea, marvelously pouring forth from a single disk — namely, the venerable body — as also the apostles [saw] on the mountain.
因此,聖徒中也有人在神藉肉身降臨之後,見到那光如同一片無邊無際的汪洋,奇妙地從一個圓輪——也就是那可敬拜的身體——湧流而出,正如眾使徒在山上所見的一般。
1:2075
Οὕτω μέν οὖν ἡ ἀπαρχή τεθέωται τοῦ ἡμετέρου φυράματος
Thus, then, the firstfruits of our lump [of humanity] has been deified.
如此,我們這團麵團〔人性〕的初熟果子便已被成神了。
1:2076
Ἡ δέ τῶν τεθεωμένων ἀγγέλων καί ἀνθρώπων θέωσις οὐχ ἡ ὑπερούσιός ἐστιν οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλά τῆς ὑπερουσίας οὐσίας τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐνέργεια, τοῖς τεθεωμένοις ἐνυπάρχουσα, οὐχ ὡς ἡ τέχνη ἐν τῷ τεχνητῷ ( οὕτω γάρ τοῖς δημιουργικῶς προηγμένοις ἔνεστιν ἡ προαγαγοῦσα ταῦτα δύναμις, ἐπιφαινομένη πᾶσιν ἤ καί ἐμφαινομένη), ἀλλ ὡς ἡ τέχνη ἐν τῷ ἀναλαβόντι αὐτήν, κατά τόν μέγαν Βασίλειοιν˙ ( διό καί ὄργανά εἰσι τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος οἱ ἅγιοι, τήν αὐτήν ἐκείνῳ προσειληφότες ἐνέργειαν), καί ἡ τῶν λεγομένων πίστις ἑτοίμη, τά χαρίσματα τῶν ἰαμάτων, τά ἐνεργήματα τῶν δυνάμεων, ἡ πρόγνωσις, ἡ μή ἀντιλεγομένη σοφία ἥν καί ( σελ
But the deification of angels and men who have been deified is not the supra-essential essence of God, but the energy of the supra-essential essence of God, indwelling in those who have been deified — not as art [indwells] in the artifact (for in this way there is present in things produced by craftsmanship the power that produced them, appearing upon or being manifested in them), but as art [indwells] in the one who has taken it up, according to the great Basil (wherefore the saints are also instruments of the Holy Spirit, having received the same energy as He); and [it includes] the ready faith of which it is spoken, the gifts of healing, the workings of powers, foreknowledge, and the wisdom that is not gainsaid, which also (page…
而那被成神的天使與人所領受的成神,並非神那超本質的本質本身,而是神那超本質之本質的能力運作,內存於被成神者之中——並非如工藝存在於工藝品中的方式(因為那樣一來,那產生了受造之物的能力,僅是顯現於、或映現於這些受造物身上而已),而是如同大巴西流所說,如工藝存在於那已習得此工藝之人身上的方式(因此聖徒也是聖靈的器具,因他們已領受了與聖靈相同的能力運作);此外還包括所論及的那現成的信、醫病的恩賜、大能的作為、先見之明,以及那無可辯駁的智慧,這智慧也(頁
1:2077
) Πνεῦμα τοῦ Πατρός ἡμῶν ὁ Κύροις προσηγόρευσεν, οὐ μόνον δέ, ἀλλά καί ἡ τοῦ Πνεύματος ἁγιαστική μετάδοσις, ἐξ αὐτῶν καί δι αὐτῶν χορηγουμένη τοῖς ἁγιαζομένοις μετ αὐτούς λήψομαι γάρ ἀπό τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ ἐπί σέ καί θήσω ἐπ αὐτούς, πρός τόν Μωϋσῆν εἶπεν ὁ Θεός, καί τοῦ Παύλου τάς χεῖρας ἐπιθέντος τοῖς δεκαδύο Ἐφεσίοις ἦλθε τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἐπ αὐτούς, ἐλάλουν τε πάραυτα γλώσσαις καί προεφήτευον
…) the Lord called 'the Spirit of our Father'; and not only this, but also the sanctifying transmission of the Spirit, granted from them and through them to those sanctified after them: 'For I will take of the Spirit that is upon you and put it upon them,' God said to Moses; and when Paul laid his hands upon the twelve Ephesians, the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they at once spoke in tongues and prophesied.
……)主稱之為「我們父的靈」;不僅如此,還有聖靈那使人成聖的傳授,是從他們〔聖徒〕身上、藉著他們,分賜給在他們之後被成聖的人:神曾對摩西說:「我要把降在你身上的靈分取一些,加在他們身上」;又當保羅按手在以弗所那十二人身上時,聖靈就降臨在他們身上,他們立時說方言,且說預言。
1:2078
Οὐκοῦν ὅταν μέν τήν οἰκείαν ἀξίαν τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐννοῶμεν, μετά Πατρός αὐτό καί Υἱοῦ θεωροῦμεν, ὅταν δέ τήν εἰς τούς μετόχους ἐνεργουμένην χάριν ἐνθυμηθῶμεν, ἐν ἡμῖν εἶναι τό Πνεῦμα λέγομεν, ἐκχεόμενον πρός ἡμᾶς, οὐ κτιζόμενον, διδόμενον ἡμῖν, οὐ ποιούμενν, χαριζόμενον, οὐ δημιουργούμενον˙ ἐνυπάρχον τοῖς μέν ἀτελέσιν ἔτι, κατά τόν μέγαν αὖθις φάναι Βασίλειον, ὥσπερ τις διάθεσις διά τό τῆς γνώμης ἀνίδρυτον, τοῖς δέ τελειωτέροις ὡς ἕξις ἐπίκτητος, ἔστι δ ἐφ ὧν ἐνερριζωμένη καί ταύτης μᾶλλον˙ ὡς γάρ ἡ δύναμις, φησί, τοῦ ὁρᾶν ἐν τῷ ὑγιαίνοντι ὀφθαλμῷ, οὕτως ἡ ἐνέργεια τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῇ κεκαθαρμένῃ ψυχῇ
Therefore, when we consider the Spirit's own worth, we contemplate Him together with the Father and the Son; but when we reflect on the grace operating toward those who partake, we say that the Spirit is in us — poured out upon us, yet not created; given to us, yet not made; bestowed as a favor, yet not fashioned. He is present in the imperfect still (to speak again with the great Basil) as a kind of disposition, on account of the unsettledness of their purpose, but in the more perfect as an acquired habit; and there are those in whom He is even more deeply rooted than this habit: for, he says, as the power of seeing is in a healthy eye, so is the energy of the Spirit in the purified soul.
因此,當我們思想聖靈自身的尊貴時,我們是將祂與聖父及聖子一同觀想;但當我們思念那向分有者所運作的恩典時,我們便說聖靈在我們裡面——傾注於我們,卻非受造;賜予我們,卻非被造成;恩賜於我們,卻非被創作而成。正如大巴西流又說:聖靈存在於仍不完全的人裡面,是如同一種傾向,因其意志尚未穩固之故;而存在於更為成全的人裡面,則是如同一種後天習得的稟性;而在某些人裡面,聖靈更是深深紮根,甚於這稟性;因為,他說,正如視力之於健康的眼睛,聖靈的能力運作之於已被潔淨的靈魂,也是如此。
1:2079
Τοιγαροῦν οὐχ ἡ ὑπερούσιος οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν ἡ θεοποιός δωρεά τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἀλλ ἡ τῆς ὑπερουσίου οὐσίας τοῦ Θεοῦ θεοποιός ἐνέργεια, καί οὐδέ αὕτη πᾶσα, εἰ καί καθ ἑαυτήν ἀμέριστος ἐκείνη
Therefore the deifying gift of the Spirit is not the supra-essential essence of God, but the deifying energy of the supra-essential essence of God; and not even the whole of this [energy is given], even though that [energy] is in itself indivisible.
由此可見,聖靈那成神的恩賜,並非神那超本質的本質,而是神那超本質之本質的成神能力運作;而且,即便這能力運作就其自身而言是不可分割的,被賜予的也並非其全部。
1:2080
Τίς γάρ τῶν κτιστῶν χωρῆσαι δύναιτ ἄν ὅλην τήν ἀπειροδύναμον δύναμιν τοῦ Πνεύματος, πλήν τοῦ κυηθέντος ἐν παρθενικῇ νηδύι, παρουσίᾳ Πνεύματος ἁγίου καί τῆς τοῦ ὑψίστου δυνάμεως ἐπισκιάσει;
For what created thing could contain the whole infinitely-powerful power of the Spirit, except Him who was conceived in the virginal womb by the presence of the Holy Spirit and the overshadowing of the power of the Most High?
因為除了那藉聖靈的臨在、並至高者能力的蔭庇,孕育於童貞女腹中的那一位以外,還有哪一個受造之物,能容納聖靈那無限大能的全部能力呢?
1:2081
πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν
'Of his fullness we have all received.'
「從他的豐滿裡,我們都領受了。」
1:2082
Πανταχοῦ μέν οὖν ἡ οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ˙ τό γάρ Πνεῦμα, φησί, πληροῖ πάντα κατά τήν οὐσίαν˙ πανταχοῦ δέ καί ἡ θέωσις, (σελ
The essence of God, then, is everywhere; for, it is said, the Spirit fills all things according to essence; and deification too is everywhere, (page…
神的本質是無所不在的;因為,經上說,聖靈按本質充滿萬有;而成神也同樣是無所不在的,(頁
1:2083
) ἐνυπάρχουσα ἀφράστως ταύτῃ καί ἀχώριστος ἐκείνης οὖσα, ἅτε φυσική δύναμις αὐτῆς
…) indwelling in it ineffably and being inseparable from it, inasmuch as it is its natural power.
……)以不可言喻的方式內存於這本質之中,並且與之不可分離,因為它正是這本質的天然能力。
1:2084
Ἀλλ ὥσπερ τό πῦρ ἀφανές ἐστι μή προκειμένης ὕλης ἤ αἰσθητηρίου τοῦ χωροῦντος τήν φωτιστικήν ἐνέργειαν αὐτοῦ, οὕτω δή καί ἡ θέωσις ἀθεώρητός ἐστι μή προκειμένης ὕλης τῆς χωρούσης τήν θείαν ἐμφάνειαν˙ ἡνίκα δ ἄν ἐπιτηδείας ὑλης ἀπερικαλύπτως ἐχούσης ἐπιλάβηται, τοιαύτη δέ ἐστι πᾶσα λογική κεκαθαρμένη φύσις τό τῆς πολυειδοῦς κακίας οὐκ ἐπιφερομένη κάλυμμα, τηνικαῦτα καί αὐτή φῶς πνευματικόν ὁρᾶται, μᾶλλον δέ κἀκείνους φῶς ποιεῖ πνευματικόν
But just as fire is invisible when there is no matter present, or no sense-organ present capable of receiving its illuminating energy, so also deification is unobservable when there is no matter present capable of receiving the divine manifestation; but whenever it takes hold of suitable matter that possesses itself uncovered — and such is every rational nature that has been purified, not bearing the covering of manifold vice — then it too is seen as spiritual light, or rather, it makes those [natures] themselves spiritual light.
但正如火在沒有可燃之物、也沒有能容納其光照能力運作的感官存在時,是不可見的一樣,成神在沒有能容納神聖顯現的合適材質存在時,同樣是不可觀見的;然而一旦它抓住了那毫無遮蔽的合適材質——凡一切已被潔淨、未披上種種惡行遮蔽物的理性本性,皆屬此類——那時,它便被看見為屬靈之光,或者更確切地說,它使那些本性本身成為屬靈之光。
1:2085
Ἆθλον γάρ, φησίν, ἀρετῆς Θεόν γενέσθαι καί τῷ καθαρωτάτῳ φωτί καταστράπτεσθαι, τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης Υἱόν γενόμενον, ἥ μή διακόπτεται ζόφῳ˙ ἄλλος γάρ ταύτην ποιεῖ ἥλιος, ὁ τό ἀληθινόν φῶς ἀπαστράπτων, ὅς, ἐπειδάν ἅπαξ ἐπιφαύσῃ ἡμῖν, οὐκέτι ἐν δυσμαῖς κρύπτεται, ἀλλά πάντα τῇ φωτιστικῇ ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμει περιπτυξάμενος, διηνεκές καί ἀδιάδοχον τοῖς ἀξίοις τό φῶς ἐμποιεῖ καί αὐτούς τούς μετέχοντας τοῦ φωτός ἐκείνου ἄλλους ἡλίους ἀπεργαζόμενος
'For,' he says, 'the prize of virtue is to become God and to be resplendent with the purest light, becoming a son of that day which is not interrupted by darkness; for it is a different sun that makes this day — the one that flashes forth the true light, who, once he has shone upon us, no longer hides himself in a setting, but, embracing all things with his illuminating power, produces in the worthy a light continuous and without succession, and makes those who partake of that light themselves other suns.'
「因為,」他說,「德行的獎賞,就是成為神,並被那最純淨的光所照亮,成為那不被幽暗打斷之日的兒子;因為造成這日子的,乃是另一個太陽——那閃耀著真光的太陽,祂一旦向我們照耀,便不再隱沒於日落之中,反倒以自己那光照的能力擁抱萬有,使配得之人得著持續不絕、無有交替的光,並使那些分有那光的人自己也成為別的太陽。」
1:2086
Τότε γάρ καί οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος
'For then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun.'
「因為那時義人要如太陽發光。」
1:2087
Ὡς ἐκεῖνος δήπουθεν ὁ τότε καί νῦν τοῖς ἀξίοις φαινόμενος
As that [sun], surely, which then and now appears to the worthy.
正如那太陽,無疑就是那位既在當時、如今也向配得之人顯現者。
1:2088
Ὁρᾷς ὅπως αὐτήν προσκτῶνται τήν ἐνέργειαν τοῦ ἡλίου τῆς δικαιοσύνης;
Do you see how they acquire this very energy of the sun of righteousness?
你看,他們是如何獲得這公義之日頭的能力運作的嗎?
1:2089
Διό καί θεοσημίαι διάφοροι καί χορηγία Πνεύματος ἁγίου τελεῖται δι αὐτῶν
Wherefore also various divine signs and the bestowal of the Holy Spirit are accomplished through them.
因此,種種神蹟異兆,以及聖靈的分賜,都是藉著他們而成就的。
1:2090
Ὡς γάρ καί ὁ περίγειος, φησίν, οὗτος ἀήρ ἀνωσθείς ὑπό τῆς βίας τοῦ Πνεύματος φωτοειδής γίνεται, τῷ καθαρῷ τοῦ αἰθέρος ἐναλλοιούμενος, οὕτω καί ὁ νοῦς ὁ ἀνθρώπινος, καταλιπών τόν θολερόν τοῦτον καί αὐχμώδη βίον, ἐπειδάν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ Πνεύματος φωτοειδής γένηται καί ἐμμιχθῇ τῇ ἀληθινῇ καί ὑψηλῇ καθαρότητι, διαφαίνεταί πως καί αὐτός ἐν ἐκείνῃ καί ἀκτίνων ἐμπίπλαται καί φῶς γίνεται κατά τήν τοῦ Κυρίου ὑπόσχεσιν, ὅς τούς δικαίους λάμψειν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος ἐπηγγείλατο
'For,' he says, 'just as this earthly air, when driven upward by the force of the Spirit, becomes light-like, being transformed by the purity of the upper ether, so also the human mind, having left behind this turbid and squalid life, when it becomes light-like by the power of the Spirit and is mingled with the true and lofty purity, itself somehow becomes transparent within that [purity], and is filled with rays, and becomes light, according to the promise of the Lord, who promised that the righteous would shine as the sun.'
「正如,」他說,「這地上的空氣,被聖靈之力向上鼓動時,便如光一般,因與純淨的以太(αἰθήρ)交融而變化,人的心智也是如此:當它離棄這渾濁、乾枯的生活,藉聖靈的能力變得如光一般,並與那真實而崇高的純淨相融合時,它自身便彷彿在其中變得透明,充滿光輝,成為光,正如主的應許——祂曾應許義人要如太陽發光一般。」
1:2091
) Τοῦτο καί ἐπί γῆς ὁρῶμεν γινόμενον ἐπί κατόπτρου, ἤ ὕδατος˙ δεξάμενα γάρ τήν τοῦ ἡλίου ἀκτῖνα, ἄλλην ἀφ ἑαυτῶν ἀκτῖνα ποιεῖ
…) We also see this happening on earth, in the case of a mirror or of water; for having received the ray of the sun, they produce from themselves another ray.
……)我們在地上也看見同樣的事發生於鏡子或水面:它們一旦接受了太陽的光線,便從自身發出另一道光線來。
1:2092
Καί ἡμεῖς τοίνυν, εἴτε καταλιπόντες τό περίγειον σκότος ἄνω γενοίμεθα, φωτοειδεῖς γενησόμεθα, τῷ ἀληθινῷ φωτί τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐμπελάσαντες, εἴτε τό φῶς τό ἀληθινόν, τό ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ λάμπον, καί μέχρις ἡμῶν καταβαίη, καί ἡμεῖς φῶς ἐσόμεθα, καθά πού φησι τοῖς μαθηταῖς ὁ Κύριος
And we too, then, whether we, having left behind the earthly darkness, come to be above, will become light-like, having drawn near to the true light of Christ; or whether the true light, which shines in the darkness, should descend even to us — [either way] we too shall be light, just as the Lord somewhere says to His disciples.
那麼我們也是如此:無論是我們離棄這地上的黑暗、升到高處,因親近基督那真光而變得如光一般;或是那真光——就是照在黑暗中的那光——降臨到我們這裡來,我們終將成為光,正如主曾在某處對門徒所說的那樣。
1:2093
Οὔτως ἡ θεοποιός δωρεά τοῦ Πνεύματος φῶς ἐστιν ἀπόρρητον καί φῶς ποιεῖ θεῖον τούς πλουτήσαντας αὐτήν, οὐ φωτός μόνον πληρώσασα τούτους ἀϊδίου, ἀλλά καί γνῶσιν καί ζωήν θεοπρεπῆ χαρισαμένη
Thus the deifying gift of the Spirit is an ineffable light, and makes those who have become rich in it a divine light — not only filling them with everlasting light, but also bestowing upon them knowledge and a life befitting God.
如此,聖靈那成神的恩賜,便是一種不可言喻的光,並使那些因它而富足的人成為神聖之光——不僅使他們充滿永恆的光,更賜予他們相稱於神的知識與生命。
1:2094
Οὕτως ὁ Παῦλος οὐκέτι τήν κτιστήν ζωήν, ἀλλά τήν τοῦ ἐνοικήσαντος ἀΐδιον ζωήν κατά τόν θεῖον ἔζη Μάξιμον˙ οὕτως οἱ προφῆται ὡς ὄντα ἑώρων τά μήπω γεγονότα˙ οὕτως εἶδε τόν Θεόν ὅστις οὐκ ἀλλοτρίῳ, ἀλλά φυσικῷ συμβόλῳ πνευματικῶς ἑώρακεν αὐτόν˙ οὐ φυσικόν δέ λέγω σύμβολον Θεοῦ - ὅ καί τοῦτ αὐτό μόνον σύμβολόν ἐστιν - ὅπερ ἄν αἰσθήσει ᾖ αἰσθήσει βλέπηταί τε ἤ ἀκούηται καί δι ἀέρος ἐνεργῆται˙ ἐπεί, ὅταν ὀφθαλμός ὁρῶν οὐχ ὡς ὀφθαλμός ὁρᾷ, ἀλλ ὡς τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ Πνεύματος διανοιχθείς, οὐκ ἀλλοτρίῳ σύμβόλῳ τόν Θεόν ὁρᾷ, καί τοῦθ ἡμεῖς αἴσθησιν ὑπέρ αἴσθησίν φαμεν
Thus Paul lived, no longer the created life, but the everlasting life of Him who dwelt within him, according to the divine Maximus; thus the prophets saw as existing the things not yet come to be; thus he saw God who has beheld Him spiritually, not by an alien symbol, but by a natural one — and by 'natural symbol of God' I do not mean that which is itself only a symbol, that is, whatever is perceived by sense as sense, whether it is seen or heard and operates through the air; rather, when an eye, seeing, sees not as an eye [naturally does], but as having been opened by the power of the Spirit, it sees God by no alien symbol — and this we call 'perception beyond perception.'
如此,保羅所活的,已不再是那受造的生命,而是那內住者永恆的生命——正如神聖的馬克西姆所言;如此,眾先知看那尚未成就之事,如同已然存在一般;如此,那以屬靈的方式、藉本然的表記(非外來的表記)觀看神的人,便看見了神——我所謂「神的本然表記」,並非指那僅僅是表記、憑感官如感官所感知,或被看見、被聽見、並藉空氣而運作的那種東西;因為,當眼睛觀看時,並非如眼睛〔按其本性〕觀看,而是如同被聖靈的能力所開啟一般去觀看,它便並非藉外來的表記觀看神,而這,我們稱之為「超乎感覺的感覺」。
1:2095
Γνώρισον μέντοι τοῦ φωτός ἐκείνου, κατάπαυσις τῶν μή καλῶν ἡδονῶν τε καί παθῶν ἐγγινομένη τῇ ψυχῇ, λογισμῶν εἰρήνη καί κατάστασις, ἀνάπαυσις καί χαρά πνευματική, περιφρονήσις ἀνθρώπων δόξης, ταπείνωσις ἀγαλλιάσει ἀπορρήτῳ συνημμένη, κόσμου μῖσος οὐρανίων ἔρως, μᾶλλον δέ μόνου τοῦ Θεοῦ τῶν οὐρανῶν˙ πρός δέ τούτοις, εἰ καί τούς ὀφθαλμούς τοῦ βλέποντος οὐ περικαλύψειέ τις τινηκαῦτα μόνον, ἀλλά καί ἐξορύξειεν, οὐδέν ἧττον τηλαυγῶς ὁρᾷ τό φῶς
Know, however, the mark of that light: the cessation, arising in the soul, of unseemly pleasures and passions; the peace and settledness of thoughts; rest and spiritual joy; contempt for human glory; humility joined with ineffable exultation; hatred of the world, love of heavenly things — or rather, of God alone of the heavens; and besides these, even if someone should not merely cover the eyes of the one who sees, but should even gouge them out, he would no less clearly behold the light.
然而,你當認識那光的標記:即那不美善的快感與情欲在靈魂中止息;念頭的平安與安定;屬靈的安息與喜樂;輕視世人的榮耀;謙卑與難以言喻的歡欣相結合;憎惡世界,愛慕天上之事,或更確切地說,唯獨愛慕那諸天之神;此外,即便有人不僅遮蔽觀看者的雙眼,甚至將之剜出,他仍然絲毫不減地清晰看見這光。
1:2096
Πῶς ἄν οὖν πεισθείη τις τῷ δι ἀέρος ὁρατόν τοῦτο ἀποφαινομένῳ καί μηδέν λογικῇ ψυχῇ λυσιτελές, ὡς ταῖς ( σελ
How, then, could anyone be persuaded by one who declares this to be visible through the air, and of no benefit at all to the rational soul, as [it is beneficial] to the (page…
那麼,人又怎能被說服,去相信那說此光是藉空氣可見、且對理性的靈魂毫無益處——正如它對(頁
1:2097
) σωματικαῖς αἰσθήσεσι προσῆκον;
…) bodily senses it is fitting?
……)肉體感官那樣有益——的那種說法呢?
1:2098
ἐκεῖνος, νοῶν ὡς οὐ τῇ αἰσθήσει ᾗ αἰσθήσει θεώμενός ἐστι, νῷ οἴεται ὁρᾶν˙ ἐξετάζων δέ καί ἀνασκοπούμενος, οὐδ ἐκεῖνον εὑρίσκει περί τό φῶς ἐκεῖνο ἐνεργοῦντα˙ καί τοῦτ ἔστιν ὅ νόησιν ὑπέρ νόησίν φαμεν, τοῦτο διά τούτων λέγοντες, ὡς ὁ ἔχων νοῦν καί αἴσθησιν ὁρᾷ, ὑπέρ ταῦτα δέ ἀμφότερα
He [who beholds the light], understanding that he does not behold it by sense as sense, thinks that he sees it by the mind; but examining and scrutinizing further, he finds that not even the mind is operative with regard to that light — and this is what we call 'understanding beyond understanding,' meaning by this that the one who possesses mind and sense sees, yet [sees it] beyond both of these.
那觀看之人,明白自己並非憑感官如感官而觀見此光,便以為自己是憑心智觀看;然而經他考察省察之後,卻發現連心智本身,也並非在那光之中運作;而這正是我們所謂「超乎理解的理解」——藉此我們是說:那擁有心智與感官的人在觀看,卻是超乎這二者之上而觀看的。
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